Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing an apparatus for positioning a molecule between at least two surfaces of the apparatus. The method includes depositing a material on at least one of the surfaces which are spaced apart by a distance. The method also includes controlling the distance by controlling an amount of the deposited material so that the distance approximates a dimension of the molecule.

Abstract: An inverse dual-layer organic photoconductor comprising a charge generation layer (CGL) formed on top of a charge transport layer (CTL), in turn formed on a substrate such as a web (drum) or subbing layer, is disclosed, in which the CGL includes a flexible polymer having a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) of less than about 120.degree. C. as the binder for a charge generation species and in which the CTL includes a rigid polymer having a T.sub.g of greater than about 120.degree. C. as the binder for a charge transport species. The CTL is coated onto the substrate, using a non-chlorinated solvent. The CGL is coated onto the CTL, also using a non-chlorinated solvent, under conditions so as to form a diffused region at the boundary of the CGL and CTL. This type of photoconductor yields extremely low noise, exceptionally high-speed and excellent stable charging/discharging performance in the xerography process at room temperature and elevated temperature.