Abstract: A process of this invention for producing glyoxylate esters is carried out by contacting a with a catalyst comprising ferric phosphate on an alumina supportfeed composition comprising an oxygen containing gas and a vaporized lower alkyl ester of glycolic acid. The process of the invention can be carried out as either a fixed bed or a fluid bed operation.

Abstract: A process of this invention for producing glyoxylate esters is carried out by contacting a with a catalyst comprising ferric phosphate on an alumina supportfeed composition comprising an oxygen containing gas and a vaporized lower alkyl ester of glycolic acid. The process of the invention can be carried out as either a fixed bed or a fluid bed operation.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the ammoxidation of hydrocarbons to unsaturated nitriles using a fluidized bed containing a mixture of active catalyst and discrete particles of an inert material to improve the yield of nitriles and inhibit the formation of by-products.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of catalysts useful for the oxidation and ammoxidation of olefins contain antimony, uranium, iron, bismuth, and molybdenum in a catalytically active oxidized state. The method comprises preparing a hydrated mixed oxide component containing antimony, uranium iron and bismuth, making an aqueous slurry thereof; adding a molybdate thereto; adjusting the pH, drying and calcining. The catalysts are especially useful for the production of acrylonitrile from propylene, ammonia, and an oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: A process for the ammoxidation of methanol or formaldehyde to hydrogen cyanide or oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde using a catalyst comprising boron and phosphorus oxides, wherein the boron to phosphorus atomic ratio is 0.8:1 to 1.25:1.

Abstract: Catalysts useful for the oxidation and ammoxidation of olefins contain antimony, uranium, iron, bismuth, and molybdenum in a catalytically active oxidized state. The catalysts are especially useful for the production of acrylonitrile from propylene, ammonia, and an oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: Monohalogenated olefins are prepared from halo-alkanes containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms and at least two hydrogen atoms on adjacent carbons by dehydrogenation of the halo-alkanes at a temperature from about 400.degree. to about 700.degree. C. in the presence of oxygen and in contact with a catalyst comprising a halide of copper and an alkali metal phosphate, particularly potassium phosphate, deposited upon an inorganic support. Typically, vinyl chloride is prepared from ethyl chloride.

Abstract: Monohalogenated olefins are selectively prepared in high yields from alkanes having 2 to 4 carbon atoms by the reaction of such hydrocarbons with a hydrogen halide and a source of oxygen at a temperature from about 400.degree. to about 650.degree. C. in contact with a catalyst comprising a copper halide and an alkali metal phosphate, particularly potassium phosphate, deposited on an inorganic support. Typically, vinyl chloride is prepared in one step from ethane.

Abstract: Toluene and toluene derivatives are oxidatively dehydrocoupled to produce stilbene and stilbene derivatives by heating toluene or a toluene derivative in the vapor phase with a metal- and oxygen-containing composition which functions as an oxidant or oxygen carrier and has the empirical formulaSb.sub.a Pb.sub.b Bi.sub.c O.sub.dwherein a is 1, b is 0.2-10, c is 0-5 and d is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of the Sb, Pb and Bi in the oxidation states in which they exist in said composition. Alternatively, the same metal- and oxygen - containing composition can be employed as a catalyst for the dehydrocoupling reaction when oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas is heated with the hydrocarbon reactant.

Abstract: An (amm)oxidation catalyst is made by forming an aqueous slurry containing the molybdate of at least one of the elements in the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and iron, a bismuth oxide or salt, and optionally a phosphate radical and an ion of an element selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium and calcium, and thereafter separating the solid phase from the slurry and calcining said solid phase to form the catalyst.

Abstract: Toluene and toluene derivatives are oxidatively dehydrocoupled to produce stilbene and stilbene derivatives by heating toluene or a toluene derivative in the vapor phase with a metal- and oxygen-containing composition which functions as an oxidant or oxygen carrier and has the empirical formulaSb.sub.a Pb.sub.b Bi.sub.c O.sub.dwherein a is 1, b is 0.2 - 10, c is 0 - 5 and d is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of the Sb, Pb and Bi in the oxidation states in which they exist in said composition. Alternatively, the same metal- and oxygen-containing composition can be employed as a catalyst for the dehydrocoupling reaction when oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas is heated with the hydrocarbon reactant.

Abstract: A process for the production of an (amm)oxidation catalyst which comprises forming an aqueous slurry consisting essentially of the molybdate of at least one of the elements in the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and iron, a bismuth oxide or salt, and optionally a phosphate radical and an ion of an element selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium and calcium, and thereafter separating the solid phase from the slurry and calcining said solid phase to form the catalyst.

Abstract: An oxidation/ammoxidation catalyst contains the elements antimony, uranium, iron, bismuth, and molybdenum, and optionally, nickel and/or cobalt, in a catalytic active oxidized state.

Abstract: Olefins, such as propylene, are oxidized to form acrolein and ammoixidized to form acrylonitrile in the presence of a catalyst containing the elements antimony, uranium, iron and bismuth in a catalytic active oxidized state.

Abstract: Olefins, such as propylene are oxidized to form acrolein or ammoxidized to form acrylonitrile in the presence of a catalyst containing the elements antimony, uranium, iron and tungsten in a catalytic active oxidized state.

Abstract: Styrene and benzene are simultaneously produced by heating a mixture of toluene and ethylbenzene in a mole ratio of at least 1:1 to a temperature from about 400.degree. to 900.degree.C at moderate pressures for a period of time up to about 15 seconds, cooling the reaction mixture quickly and recovering the styrene and benzene therefrom. Yields of both products can be improved by the addition of modifying agents such as benzenethiol or by conducting the reaction in the presence of a chromium-containing catalyst supported on an inorganic material which can be promoted by a compound of calcium, magnesium, copper or zinc.