Abstract: A visibility control device includes one or more light sources to provide input light, a waveguiding substrate, which has a first major surface and a second major surface, and a plurality of light-deflecting grooves implemented on at least one major surface of the substrate. The device is arranged to form guided light by coupling the input light into the substrate, The grooves are arranged to form deflected light by coupling the guided light out of the substrate through the second major surface of the substrate.

Abstract: There is provided detecting modification of optically active cellulose-based film. A method comprises split refracting or split reflecting light received by a surface pattern of an optically active cellulose-based film into a plurality of output light patterns, wherein an output light pattern is determined from the plurality of output light patterns on the basis of a modification applied to the optically active cellulose-based film.

Abstract: A masking device disposed over a display has a first viewing region, a second viewing region, a first operating mode, and a second operating mode, wherein in the first operating mode the masking device allows a first observer located in the first viewing region to observe information displayed on the display, and also allows a second observer located in the second viewing region to observe the displayed information, wherein in the second operating mode the masking device projects light to the second viewing region so as to prevent the second observer from observing the displayed information.

Abstract: According to an aspect, there is provided a structure comprising an absorbing layer for absorbing incident infrared radiation received via a receiving surface of the absorbing layer and a plurality of mushroom-shaped plasmonic elements for enhancing absorption of the incident infrared radiation into the absorbing layer. Said plurality of mushroom-shaped plasmonic elements have sub-wavelength dimensions and sub-wavelength spacings and are arranged along the receiving surface. Each of said plurality of mushroom-shaped plasmonic elements project out relative to the receiving surface.

Abstract: A masking device disposed over a display has a first viewing region, a second viewing region, a first operating mode, and a second operating mode, wherein in the first operating mode the masking device allows a first observer located in the first viewing region to observe information displayed on the display, and also allows a second observer located in the second viewing region to observe the displayed information, wherein in the second operating mode the masking device projects light to the second viewing region so as to prevent the second observer from observing the displayed information.

Abstract: There is provided a method for manufacturing a patterned cellulose-based film. The cellulose-based film is modified with a pattern provided by a mold is caused to absorb water. The absorbed water causes a volume increase of the cellulose-based film, which causes modifying the cellulose-based film by the cellulose-based film pressing against the mold. Since, the cellulose-based film is pressed against the mold due to swelling caused by water molecules absorbed into the cellulose-based film, the pattern of the mold may be replicated to the cellulose-based film without necessarily requiring any external pressure.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement comprises a first electronic component, which is an organic field-effect transistor. It comprises a source electrode (111), a drain electrode (112), a channel region (113) and a gate electrode (114). A second electronic component is electrically coupled to the first electronic component. A membrane (101) exhibits ion-conductivity between the channel region (113) and the gate electrode (114). The membrane also exhibits ion-conductivity in a section (121) of the membrane that is located between a first part of the second electronic component and a second part of the second electronic component.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrical and/or optical temperature detector/indicator based on conductive polymers, said detector/indicator being suitably used in such packages for products, the temperature changes of which need to be monitored.

Abstract: The invention concerns a layered structure comprising at least two material layers. The layered structure is formed of a conductive polymer on a substrate material layer to allow a reaction in the conductive polymer material when the layered structure is exposed to the surrounding conditions. The invention also concerns a method for producing layered structure. In the method the conductive polymer material is applied on the substrate material by printing or spraying or stamping or casting or spin coating or by using photolithographic or laser ablation method or a combination of these. The invention further concerns a sensor comprising an electric device short circuited by the conductive polymer of the layered structure. In the sensor a change in the conductive polymer initiates a change in the function of the electric device.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrical and/or optical temperature detector/indicator based on conductive polymers, said detector/indicator being suitably used in such packages for products, the temperature changes of which need to be monitored.

Abstract: The invention concerns a layered structure comprising at least two material layers. The layered structure is formed of a conductive polymer on a substrate material layer to allow a reaction in the conductive polymer material when the layered structure is exposed to the surrounding conditions. The invention also concerns a method for producing layered structure. In the method the conductive polymer material is applied on the substrate material by printing or spraying or stamping or casting or spin coating or by using photolithographic or laser ablation method or a combination of these. The invention further concerns a sensor comprising an electric device short circuited by the conductive polymer of the layered structure. In the sensor a change in the conductive polymer initiates a change in the function of the electric device.