Abstract: A system may be configured to facilitate a medical procedure. Some embodiments may: acquire a scan corresponding to a region of interest (ROI); capture an image of a patient in real-time; identify, via a trained machine learning (ML) model using the acquired scan and the captured image, a Kambin's triangle; and overlay, on the captured image, a representation of the identified Kambin's triangle.

Abstract: An ultrasound probe for percutaneous insertion into an incision and related methods are disclosed herein, e.g., for imaging neural structures at a surgical site of a patient. An exemplary ultrasound probe can be a portable ultrasound probe configured to be passed percutaneously into an incision and can have an imaging region extending distally from a distal tip of the probe. In one embodiment the ultrasound probe can be a navigated portable ultrasound probe. The ultrasound probe can be connected to a computing station and configured to transmit images to the computing station for processing. In another embodiment, an ultrasound probe can be part of a network of sensors, including at least one external sensor, where the network of sensors is configured to transmit images to the computing station for processing. The computing station can process and display images to visualize and/or highlight neurological structures in an imaged region.

Abstract: A sensing device for detecting an artificially induced neuromuscular response within a limb of a subject includes a carrier material and a plurality of mechanical sensors. The carrier material is operative to be secured around a portion of the limb, and each of the plurality of mechanical sensors are coupled with the carrier material. Each mechanical sensor is positioned on the carrier material such that it is operative to monitor a mechanical response of a different muscle group of the limb. Each mechanical sensor then generates a respective mechanomyography output signal corresponding to the monitored mechanical response of its adjacent muscle group.

Abstract: Systems for endoscopic visualization with advanced overlay image frames including color image data and multispectral or fluorescence image data. A system includes an emitter comprising a plurality of electromagnetic sources and an image sensor comprising a pixel array that detects electromagnetic radiation and reads out a plurality of data frames. The system includes an image signal processor that receives the plurality of data frames read out by the image sensor, wherein the plurality of data frames comprises a color data frame and an advanced data frame. The image signal processor generates an advanced overlay data frame comprising the color data frame and a false color overlay generated based on the advanced data frame. The image signal processor adjusts a sensitivity of the advanced overlay data frame in real-time based on user input.

Abstract: Systems for endoscopic visualization with advanced overlay image frames including color image data and multispectral or fluorescence image data. A system includes an image sensor comprising a pixel array that detects electromagnetic radiation and reads out a plurality of data frames. The system includes an image sensor processor that receives the plurality of data frames read out by the image sensor, wherein the plurality of data frames comprises a plurality of color data frames and a plurality of advanced data frames. The image signal processor renders a video stream comprising a plurality of advanced overlay data frames, wherein each of the plurality of advanced overlay data frames comprises a color data frame and a false color overlay generated based on an advanced data frame. The image signal processor executes an adaptive persistence algorithm to stabilize movement of the false color overlay across the plurality of advanced overlay data frames.

Abstract: Sterile connectors for robotic or robot-assisted surgery and related systems and methods can be used to establish a sterile barrier between a non-sterile robot arm and a surgical site. More particularly, a sterile connector can include a first component connector to couple to a distal end of a robot arm, a second component connector to couple to an end effector, and a sterile drape extending from the sterile connector. The sterile drape can drape the robot arm and can maintain a sterile barrier around the robot arm throughout the course of a surgical procedure. In this manner, an end effector can be swapped out during the procedure without the need to re-drape or re-establish the sterile surgical field. In some embodiments, the sterile connector can facilitate the passage of electrical signals and/or light between the sterile connector and at least one of the robot arm and end effector.

Abstract: Sensor-enabled surgical retractor devices, systems, and methods are disclosed herein that can be coupled to a surgical robot during a robotic or robot-assisted surgical procedure to maintain health of retracted anatomy and prolong the amount of time until a surgical procedure must be interrupted to adjust a retractor. In some embodiments, interruption of a surgical procedure can be avoided by providing for minor and, in some cases, automatically administered, adjustment of retractor devices to alleviate pressure on retracted tissue without requiring surgeon attention or intervention. Fine (e.g., minor) adjustments to the retractor can be made automatically over the course of a surgical procedure to prevent damage to retracted anatomy and increase the time until a major adjustment of the retractor is needed.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are disclosed for surgical instruments, systems, and methods for preventing skiving of a drilling instrument during a robotic or robot-assisted surgery are disclosed. In one embodiment, a scan of a patient's anatomy can be performed to produce a model of the bone to be drilled into and analysis of the surface can determine if the curvature is such that, if a target trajectory for a bore were followed, skiving of the drilling instrument is likely. If so, an alternate anti-skiving trajectory can be determined. The anti-skiving trajectory of a bore differs from the target trajectory by at least one of entry point, diameter, axis, or depth.

Abstract: Systems and methods for receiving data characterizing a plurality of images of a surgical region that includes a first target tissue. The plurality of images include a plurality images associated with visible light images, a plurality of images associated with a first wavelength and a plurality of images associated with the second wavelength that is different from the first wavelength. The method also includes generating a first scene by at least overlaying a first set of images of the plurality of images. The first set of images are temporally contiguous and include a first image associated with the first wavelength, a second image associated with visible light, and a third image associated with the second wavelength. The image further includes generating a second scene by at least overlaying a second set of images of the plurality of images. The second set of images are temporally contiguous.

Abstract: Sensor-enabled surgical retractor devices, systems, and methods are disclosed herein that can be coupled to a surgical robot during a robotic or robot-assisted surgical procedure to maintain health of retracted anatomy and prolong the amount of time until a surgical procedure must be interrupted to adjust a retractor. In some embodiments, interruption of a surgical procedure can be avoided by providing for minor and, in some cases, automatically administered, adjustment of retractor devices to alleviate pressure on retracted tissue without requiring surgeon attention or intervention. Fine (e.g., minor) adjustments to the retractor can be made automatically over the course of a surgical procedure to prevent damage to retracted anatomy and increase the time until a major adjustment of the retractor is needed.

Abstract: Sterile connectors for robotic or robot-assisted surgery and related systems and methods can be used to establish a sterile barrier between a non-sterile robot arm and a surgical site. More particularly, a sterile connector can include a first component connector to couple to a distal end of a robot arm, a second component connector to couple to an end effector, and a sterile drape extending from the sterile connector. The sterile drape can drape the robot arm and can maintain a sterile barrier around the robot arm throughout the course of a surgical procedure. In this manner, an end effector can be swapped out during the procedure without the need to re-drape or re-establish the sterile surgical field. In some embodiments, the sterile connector can facilitate the passage of electrical signals and/or light between the sterile connector and at least one of the robot arm and end effector.

Abstract: An ultrasound probe for percutaneous insertion into an incision and related methods are disclosed herein, e.g., for imaging neural structures at a surgical site of a patient. An exemplary ultrasound probe can be a portable ultrasound probe configured to be passed percutaneously into an incision and can have an imaging region extending distally from a distal tip of the probe. In one embodiment the ultrasound probe can be a navigated portable ultrasound probe. The ultrasound probe can be connected to a computing station and configured to transmit images to the computing station for processing. In another embodiment, an ultrasound probe can be part of a network of sensors, including at least one external sensor, where the network of sensors is configured to transmit images to the computing station for processing. The computing station can process and display images to visualize and/or highlight neurological structures in an imaged region.

Abstract: An ultrasound probe for percutaneous insertion into an incision and related methods are disclosed herein, e.g., for imaging neural structures at a surgical site of a patient. An exemplary ultrasound probe can be a portable ultrasound probe configured to be passed percutaneously into an incision and can have an imaging region extending distally from a distal tip of the probe. In one embodiment the ultrasound probe can be a navigated portable ultrasound probe. The ultrasound probe can be connected to a computing station and configured to transmit images to the computing station for processing. In another embodiment, an ultrasound probe can be part of a network of sensors, including at least one external sensor, where the network of sensors is configured to transmit images to the computing station for processing. The computing station can process and display images to visualize and/or highlight neurological structures in an imaged region.

Abstract: Systems and methods for deep tissue visualization using ultrasound and stereo imaging are provided. Various aspects of the present disclosure provide intraoperative identification of sub-tissue surface critical structures (e.g., identification of ureters, nerves, and/or vessels). For example, various surgical visualization systems disclosed herein can enable the visualization of one or more portions of critical structures below the surface of the tissue in an anatomical field in real-time. Such surgical visualization systems can augment the clinician's endoscopic view of an anatomical field with a virtual, real-time depiction of the critical structure as a visible image overlay on the surface of visible tissue in the field of view of the clinician.

Abstract: Systems and methods for receiving data characterizing a plurality of images of a surgical region that includes a first target tissue. The plurality of images include a plurality images associated with visible light images, a plurality of images associated with a first wavelength and a plurality of images associated with the second wavelength that is different from the first wavelength. The method also includes generating a first scene by at least overlaying a first set of images of the plurality of images. The first set of images are temporally contiguous and include a first image associated with the first wavelength, a second image associated with visible light, and a third image associated with the second wavelength. The image further includes generating a second scene by at least overlaying a second set of images of the plurality of images. The second set of images are temporally contiguous.

Abstract: A system may be configured to facilitate a medical procedure. Some embodiments may: acquire a scan corresponding to a region of interest (ROI); capture an image of a patient in real-time; identify, via a trained machine learning (ML) model using the acquired scan and the captured image, a Kambin's triangle; and overlay, on the captured image, a representation of the identified Kambin's triangle.

Abstract: A system may be provided which comprises an illumination source adapted to simultaneously illuminate a surgical site with spectral light comprising a first wavelength of light and a second wavelength of light, a first set of sensors comprising sensors adapted to detect visible light, and a second set of sensors comprising sensors adapted to detect the first wavelength of light; and sensors adapted to detect the second wavelength of light. In such a case, the system may also comprise a display coupled to a processor configured to display an enhanced image of the surgical site comprising a visible light image from data detected by the first set of sensors and an overlay identifying a target structure based on light detected by the second set of sensors while the surgical site is illuminated by spectral light comprising the first and second wavelengths of light.

Abstract: A method of operating a surgical visualization system includes illuminating an anatomical field of a patient using a waveform transmitted by an emitter. The method also includes capturing an image of the anatomical field based on the waveform using a receiver. The emitter and the receiver are configured for multispectral imaging or hyperspectral imaging. The method also includes determining an adjustment to at one operating parameter of the surgical visualization system based on at least one environmental scene parameter. The method also includes automatically implementing the adjustment to the at least one operating parameter to aid in identification of at least one anatomical structure in the anatomical field.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are disclosed for surgical instruments, systems, and methods for preventing skiving of a drilling instrument during a robotic or robot-assisted surgery are disclosed. In one embodiment, a scan of a patient's anatomy can be performed to produce a model of the bone to be drilled into and analysis of the surface can determine if the curvature is such that, if a target trajectory for a bore were followed, skiving of the drilling instrument is likely. If so, an alternate anti-skiving trajectory can be determined. The anti-skiving trajectory of a bore differs from the target trajectory by at least one of entry point, diameter, axis, or depth.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are disclosed for end effector identification in robotic surgical systems. A surgical robot can be coupled to an end effector. The system can identify the end effector using data received from the end effector. The system can adjust operation of the surgical system, including the robot arm, based on the data received from the end effector. Data received from or regarding the end effector can include detected characteristics, retrieved characteristics, or data stored on the end effector and communicated to the system. Both the identification and the operation adjustments can be performed automatically such that the system experiences little to no lag or downtime when coupling with different end effectors.