Abstract: A multilayer ceramic capacitor includes a laminate and an external electrode. The laminate includes a central layer portion in which first and second internal electrode layers are alternately laminated with a dielectric ceramic layer therebetween, a peripheral layer portion sandwiching the central layer portion in the lamination direction, and a side margin sandwiching the central layer portion and the peripheral layer portion in the width direction. When a point P indicates an end in the width direction of the internal electrode layer closest to a main surface of the laminate, and a point Q indicates a point where a boundary between the peripheral layer portion including the point P and the side margin including the point P intersects the main surface, and an imaginary line IL is drawn to pass through the point P and the point Q, the boundary is curved from the imaginary line IL.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic capacitor includes a laminate and an external electrode. The laminate includes a central layer portion in which first and second internal electrode layers are alternately laminated with a dielectric ceramic layer therebetween, a peripheral layer portion sandwiching the central layer portion in the lamination direction, and a side margin sandwiching the central layer portion and the peripheral layer portion in the width direction. When a point P indicates an end in the width direction of the internal electrode layer closest to a main surface of the laminate, and a point Q indicates a point where a boundary between the peripheral layer portion including the point P and the side margin including the point P intersects the main surface, and an imaginary line IL is drawn to pass through the point P and the point Q, the boundary is curved from the imaginary line IL.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic capacitor includes a laminate and an external electrode. The laminate includes a central layer portion in which first and second internal electrode layers are alternately laminated with a dielectric ceramic layer therebetween, a peripheral layer portion sandwiching the central layer portion in the lamination direction, and a side margin sandwiching the central layer portion and the peripheral layer portion in the width direction. When a point P indicates an end in the width direction of the internal electrode layer closest to a main surface of the laminate, and a point Q indicates a point where a boundary between the peripheral layer portion including the point P and the side margin including the point P intersects the main surface, and an imaginary line IL is drawn to pass through the point P and the point Q, the boundary is curved from the imaginary line IL.

Abstract: A combustion control apparatus is configured for a direct-injection spark-ignition internal combustion engine. The combustion control apparatus selects an extremely retarded combustion mode while the internal combustion engine is in a predetermined operating state. In the extremely retarded combustion mode, the combustion control apparatus sets ignition timing to be after compression top dead center, and sets fuel injection timing to be before the ignition timing and after compression top dead center. The combustion control apparatus inhibits the extremely retarded combustion mode while an exhaust purifier of the internal combustion engine is in a predetermined cold state.

Abstract: A combustion control apparatus configured to operate a direct-injection spark-ignition internal combustion engine in a top dead center injection operating mode. In the top dead center injection operating mode, a fuel injection start timing is set to be before compression top dead center, a fuel injection end timing is set to be after compression top dead center, and an ignition timing is set to be after compression top dead center. The combustion control apparatus is configured to promote incylinder fuel spray penetration.

Abstract: There is provided a combustion control system for a direct-injection spark-ignition internal combustion engine, including a fuel injection valve that injects fuel directly into a cylinder of the engine to form an air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber of the engine cylinder, a spark plug that ignites the air-fuel mixture, and a control unit that performs combustion retard control to set an ignition timing of the spark plug at a point after compression top dead center and set an injection period of the fuel injection valve at a time after compression top dead center and before the ignition timing in such a manner that a time interval from a start point of the injection period to the ignition timing increases with decrease in a temperature in the engine cylinder at a cold start of the engine.

Abstract: There is provided a combustion control system for a direct-injection spark-ignition internal combustion engine, including a fuel injection valve that injects fuel directly into a cylinder of the engine to form an air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber of the engine cylinder, a spark plug that ignites the air-fuel mixture, and a control unit that performs combustion retard control to set an ignition timing of the spark plug at a point after compression top dead center and set an injection period of the fuel injection valve at a time after compression top dead center and before the ignition timing in such a manner that a time interval from a start point of the injection period to the ignition timing increases with decrease in a temperature in the engine cylinder at a cold start of the engine.

Abstract: A combustion control apparatus is configured for a direct-injection spark-ignition internal combustion engine. The combustion control apparatus selects an extremely retarded combustion mode while the internal combustion engine is in a predetermined operating state. In the extremely retarded combustion mode, the combustion control apparatus sets ignition timing to be after compression top dead center, and sets fuel injection timing to be before the ignition timing and after compression top dead center. The combustion control apparatus inhibits the extremely retarded combustion mode while an exhaust purifier of the internal combustion engine is in a predetermined cold state.

Abstract: An intake apparatus for an internal combustion engine, including a partition extending in a longitudinal direction of an intake port so as to divide an inside region of the intake port into a first passage and a second passage, and a gas motion control valve disposed at a downstream end of an intake manifold and adjacent to an upstream end of the partition. The gas motion control valve includes a rotatable valve element and has a full-closed position where the valve element fully closes the second passage of the intake port and a full-open position where the valve element fully opens the second passage of the intake port. The valve element and the partition cooperate with each other to define an interspace between the valve element and the upstream end of the partition when the gas motion control valve is in the full-closed position.

Abstract: A combustion control apparatus configured to operate a direct-injection spark-ignition internal combustion engine in a top dead center injection operating mode. In the top dead center injection operating mode, a fuel injection start timing is set to be before compression top dead center, a fuel injection end timing is set to be after compression top dead center, and an ignition timing is set to be after compression top dead center. The combustion control apparatus is configured to promote incylinder fuel spray penetration.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an intake port leading to an engine cylinder. The intake port is divided into first and second passage section by a partition extending in the intake port in a longitudinal direction of the intake port. A gas motion control valve is arranged to open and close an upstream end of the second passage section. A connection passage connects an upstream end portion of the second passage section to the first passage section. A fuel injector is directed to inject fuel toward a valve opening of the intake valve through a space on the downstream side of the downstream end of the partition.

Abstract: An intake apparatus for an internal combustion engine, including a partition dividing an intake port into a first passage and a second passage, and a gas motion control valve including a rotatable valve element disposed upstream of the partition and spaced from an upstream end thereof. The gas motion control valve has a full-closed position where the valve element prevents intake air from flowing into the second passage and a full-open position where the valve element allows the intake air to flow into the second passage. The valve element is inclined so as to guide a flow of the intake air to the first passage when the gas motion control valve is in the full-closed position. The valve element and the partition cooperate with each other to define an interspace therebetween when the gas motion control valve is in the full-closed position.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an intake port leading to an engine cylinder. The intake port is divided into first and second passage section by a partition extending in the intake port in a longitudinal direction of the intake port. A gas motion control valve is arranged to open and close an upstream end of the second passage section. A connection passage connects an upstream end portion of the second passage section to the first passage section. A bulge is formed in a first part of a circumferential region surrounding the downstream port end so as to prevent air from being drawn from the cylinder into the second passage section.

Abstract: An intake apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes an intake port leading to an engine cylinder. The intake port is divided into first and second passage section by a partition extending in the intake port in a longitudinal direction of the intake port. A gas motion control valve is arranged to open and close an upstream end of the second passage section. A connection passage connects an upstream end portion of the second passage section to the first passage section.

Abstract: An intake apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes an intake port having therein first and second regions extending longitudinally of the intake port. There is further provided a recirculating section defining an intake recirculation passage to recirculate part of intake air from the second region in the intake port to an upstream portion in the intake port to strengthen an intake air stream in the first region of the intake port.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an intake port leading to an engine cylinder. The intake port is divided into first and second passage section by a partition extending in the intake port in a longitudinal direction of the intake port. A gas motion control valve is arranged to open and close an upstream end of the second passage section. A connection passage connects an upstream end portion of the second passage section to the first passage section. A fuel injector is directed to inject fuel toward a valve opening of the intake valve through a space on the downstream side of the downstream end of the partition.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an intake port leading to an engine cylinder. The intake port is divided into first and second passage section by a partition extending in the intake port in a longitudinal direction of the intake port. A gas motion control valve is arranged to open and close an upstream end of the second passage section. A connection passage connects an upstream end portion of the second passage section to the first passage section. A bulge is formed in a first part of a circumferential region surrounding the downstream port end so as to prevent air from being drawn from the cylinder into the second passage section.

Abstract: An intake apparatus for an internal combustion engine, including a partition dividing an intake port into a first passage and a second passage, and a gas motion control valve including a rotatable valve element disposed upstream of the partition and spaced from an upstream end thereof. The gas motion control valve has a full-closed position where the valve element prevents intake air from flowing into the second passage and a full-open position where the valve element allows the intake air to flow into the second passage. The valve element is inclined so as to guide a flow of the intake air to the first passage when the gas motion control valve is in the full-closed position. The valve element and the partition cooperate with each other to define an interspace therebetween when the gas motion control valve is in the full-closed position.

Abstract: An intake apparatus for an internal combustion engine, including a partition extending in a longitudinal direction of an intake port so as to divide an inside region of the intake port into a first passage and a second passage, and a gas motion control valve disposed at a downstream end of an intake manifold and adjacent to an upstream end of the partition. The gas motion control valve includes a rotatable valve element and has a full-closed position where the valve element fully closes the second passage of the intake port and a full-open position where the valve element fully opens the second passage of the intake port. The valve element and the partition cooperate with each other to define an interspace between the valve element and the upstream end of the partition when the gas motion control valve is in the full-closed position.