Abstract: A working fluid for heat cycle, wherein the global warming potential is less than 300; the product of the relative coefficient of performance and the relative refrigerating capacity is at least 0.820 relative to R410A in a standard refrigerating cycle under conditions of an evaporation temperature of 0° C., a condensing temperature of 40° C., a supercoiling degree of 5° C. and a degree of superheat of 5° C.; the relative compressor discharge gas pressure is at most 1.100; the lower limit of the combustion range by method A in High Pressure Gas Safety Act is at least 5 vol %; and the pressure will not exceed 2.00 MPaG in a combustion test by method A in High Pressure Gas Safety act under 0.98 MPaG at 250° C.

Abstract: A working fluid for heat cycle, wherein the global warming potential is less than 300; the product of the relative coefficient of performance and the relative refrigerating capacity is at least 0.820 relative to R410A in a standard refrigerating cycle under conditions of an evaporation temperature of 0° C., a condensing temperature of 40° C., a supercoiling degree of 5° C. and a degree of superheat of 5° C.; the relative compressor discharge gas pressure is at most 1.100; the lower limit of the combustion range by method A in High Pressure Gas Safety Act is at least 5 vol %; and the pressure will not exceed 2.00 MPaG in a combustion test by method A in High Pressure Gas Safety act under 0.98 MPaG at 250° C.

Abstract: A working fluid for heat cycle contains trifluoroethylene and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The proportion of the total amount of trifluoroethylene and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene based on the entire amount of the working fluid is higher than 90 mass % and at most 100 mass %. The proportion of trifluoroethylene based on the total amount of trifluoroethylene and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is at least 21 mass % and at most 39 mass %. The working fluid has a low global warming potential and suppressed self-decomposition property. A composition for a heat cycle system contains the working fluid and a heat cycle system employs the composition.

Abstract: To provide a working fluid which has cycle performance sufficient as an alternative to R410A while the influence over global warming is sufficiently suppressed, which does not significantly increase the load to an apparatus as compared with a case where R410A is used, and which can be stably used continuously without any special measures, a composition for a heat cycle system contains the working fluid, and a heat cycle system employs the composition. A working fluid for heat cycle, wherein the global warming potential is less than 300; the product of the relative coefficient of performance and the relative refrigerating capacity is at least 0.820 relative to R410A in a standard refrigerating cycle under conditions of an evaporation temperature of 0° C., a condensing temperature of 40° C., a supercoiling degree of 5° C. and a degree of superheat of 5° C.; the relative compressor discharge gas pressure is at most 1.

Abstract: A working fluid for heat cycle which has a low global warming potential and which has self-decomposition property suppressed, a composition for a heat cycle system comprising it, and a heat cycle system employing the composition. A working fluid for heat cycle, which contains trifluoroethylene and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, wherein the proportion of the total amount of trifluoroethylene and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene based on the entire amount of the working fluid is higher than 90 mass % and at most 100 mass %, and the proportion of trifluoroethylene based on the total amount of trifluoroethylene and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is at least 21 mass % and at most 39 mass %, a composition for a heat cycle system, which comprises the working fluid for heat cycle, and a heat cycle system, which employs the composition.

Abstract: To provide a working fluid which has cycle performance sufficient as an alternative to R410A while the influence over global warming is sufficiently suppressed, which does not significantly increase the load to an apparatus as compared with a case where R410A is used, and which can be stably used continuously without any special measures, a composition for a heat cycle system comprising the working fluid, and a heat cycle system employing the composition. A working fluid for heat cycle, wherein the global warming potential is less than 300; the product of the relative coefficient of performance and the relative refrigerating capacity is at least 0.820 relative to R410A in a standard refrigerating cycle under conditions of an evaporation temperature of 0° C., a condensing temperature of 40° C., a supercoiling degree of 5° C. and a degree of superheat of 5° C.; the relative compressor discharge gas pressure is at most 1.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing an organic acid, whereby the desired organic acid can be efficiently recovered without necessity for adjusting the pH to a neutral level in the fermentation step. The method for producing an organic acid, comprises a first step of producing an organic acid by fermentation to obtain a crude liquid containing the organic acid and having a pH of from 1 to 5, and a second step of extracting the organic acid from the crude liquid containing the organic acid obtained in the first step by means of an extraction medium containing a C10-30 diester compound and an alkylamine compound to obtain an extract (1).