Abstract: A cooling system for a superconducting power apparatus including a reservoir tank for reserving a liquefied gas, a circulating pump, a heat exchanger for cooling the liquefied gas, and a circulation loop through which the liquefied gas is circulated, the superconducting power apparatus being cooled by circulating the liquefied gas in a subcooled state using the circulating pump. The cooling system further includes a pressurizing mechanism for pressurizing the liquefied gas in the reservoir tank with the same type of gas as the liquefied gas, wherein a liquid level in the reservoir tank for reserving the liquefied gas in a pressurized state is located above an outlet of a return piping of a circulating liquefied gas at least by a dissolving depth of the pressurizing gas+(plus) a liquid level movement correction amount.

Abstract: An illuminator includes a light guide having a circular cross-section, a scatterer that is provided on a portion of the circumference of the circular cross-section and that radiates scattering light toward the inside of the light guide, and a condensing lens that condenses light emitted from the light guide and transforms the light into a linear beam, a planar beam. or a point-like beam. In the illuminator light from the light source is effectively utilized, and the light can efficiently illuminate the required illumination area. In addition, an image reader apparatus can perform high-speed reading using such an illuminator.

Abstract: In a two-color (ratio) or dual-wavelength radiant-temperature measurement, when a bright stray-light source in which its light intensity varies depending on time exists near an object to be measured, by removing an influence caused by the stray light, temperature of the measuring object is measured.

Abstract: A display device for projecting images of an imaging plate into a retina of an eye of a viewer has a light source, a scattering plate for scattering the light from the light source, an imaging plate transmitting the light scattered by the scattering plate, and an optical unit with a lens for focusing the light transmitted through the imaging plate into an eye of the viewer. The scattering plate can move between the light source and the imaging plate.

Abstract: A laser annealing apparatus for crystallizing a semiconductor film with a linearly radiating laser beam including a laser oscillator and laser optical systems for forming a laser beam radiated from the laser oscillator linearly, for application to a semiconductor film. Each linearly radiating laser beam from each laser optical system radiated onto the semiconductor film is arrayed almost linearly in a length direction, with an interval on the semiconductor film.

Abstract: There is provided such a shape of a light-guiding body that can guide light emitted from a LED while reflecting such light under conditions which satisfy total reflection as much as possible within the light-guiding body, to thereby improve the light intensity on the surface of a document in the shorter axial direction (i.e., the sub-scanning direction), and also, the light-guiding body has such an optimized shape of a light-incoming face that makes it possible to control the angle of light fluxes in the longer axial direction (i.e., the main scanning direction) to thereby illuminate the surface of the document with light having an uniform intensity distribution. Further, a reflecting member is provided at a position opposite the light outgoing face of the light-guiding body so as to improve the efficiency of illuminating an objective image-reading region on the surface of the document.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to achieve a small and thin irregular pattern reader comprising: a prism possessing a detection surface on which a subject to be detected having an irregular pattern is put and an incident plane having a first angle of inclination to the detection surface and emitting a light reflected on the detection surface corresponding to an incident light incident upon the incident plane; a first optical system possessing a light source and causing a light from the light source to be incident upon the incident plane of the prism with its optical axis substantially in parallel to the detection surface; and a second optical system for transmitting the emission light emitted from the prism to an image pick-up device.

Abstract: There is provided such a shape of a light-guiding body that can guide light emitted from a LED while reflecting such light under conditions which satisfy total reflection as much as possible within the light-guiding body, to thereby improve the light intensity on the surface of a document in the shorter axial direction (i.e., the sub-scanning direction), and also, the light-guiding body has such an optimized shape of a light-incoming face that makes it possible to control the angle of light fluxes in the longer axial direction (i.e., the main scanning direction) to thereby illuminate the surface of the document with light having an uniform intensity distribution. Further, a reflecting member is provided at a position opposite the light outgoing face of the light-guiding body so as to improve the efficiency of illuminating an objective image-reading region on the surface of the document.

Abstract: A process for making a polycrystalline silicon film includes forming, on a glass substrate, an amorphous silicon film having a first region and a second region that contacts the first region, forming a first polycrystalline portion by irradiating the first region of the amorphous silicon film with laser light having a wavelength not less than 390 nm and not more than 640 nm and forming a second polycrystalline portion that contacts the first polycrystalline portion by irradiating the second region and the portion of the region of the first polycrystalline portion that contacts the second region of the amorphous silicon film with the laser light.

Abstract: A display device 1 has a light source 8, a scattering member for scattering light from the light source, an image plate 10 for transmitting the light scattered by the scattering plate and an optics 3 having a lens for focusing light from the image plate and transmitting the light to an eye of the viewer. According to the device, the image is focused on or around the pupil in the Maxwellian view condition, allowing even the myoptic and hyperoptic person to see the displayed image clearly.

Abstract: A display device 1 for projecting images of an imaging plate 9 into a retina 14 of an eye 7 of a viewer 2 has a light source 8, a scattering plate 9 for scattering the light from the light source, an imaging plate 10 for transmitting the light scattered by the scattering plate, and an optical unit with a lens 11 for focusing the light transmitted through the imaging plate into an eye of the viewer, wherein the scattering plate is positioned so that it can move between the light source and the imaging plate.

Abstract: A laser optical system for directing a rectangular laser beam onto an amorphous or polycrystalline silicon film comprises linear beam forming means for forming the laser beams radiated from a plurality of laser oscillators linearly to be applied on the silicon film, the optical axes of the laser beams from the laser oscillators to linear beam forming means on the almost same plane, and linear beams are arrayed with a certain interval linearly on the amorphous or polycrystalline silicon film formed on a substrate. By providing the interval between the radiating laser beams, the laser optical system comprising the plurality of linear beam forming means can be arranged with a distance, thereby preventing the interference between optical parts.

Abstract: Lengths of both sides of each end plane of a light-intensity distribution uniformizing element receiving a light flux and having an F-number of 1 are set to ½ of those of a reflecting surface of a reflecting optical-spatial modulator element, position information of uniformed light fluxes output from the light-intensity distribution uniformizing element is Fourier-transformed into diverging angle information indicated by incident light fluxes output from a first group of lenses, a relay deformed diaphragm intercepts an interference component of each incident light flux, which is expected to interfere with an outgoing light flux, to produce asymmetric light fluxes, the asymmetric light fluxes are incident on the reflecting optical-spatial modulator element, a projection lens deformed diaphragm removes stray light from outgoing light fluxes output from the reflecting optical-spatial modulator element, and an image is displayed according to the outgoing light fluxes.

Abstract: A laser optical system includes a linear beam forming member for forming laser beams radiated from laser oscillators into a linear beam shape on a silicon film on a substrate. The laser optical system is arranged so that the optical axes of laser beams from the laser oscillators to the linear beam forming member are in substantially the same plane and substantially perpendicular to the substrate. Each laser beam is reflected from a reflecting mirror and applied to the silicon film on the substrate. Since the laser beams are applied to the substrate at the same time, the area irradiated can be increased, while each radiating laser beam maintains a required radiation intensity, resulting in high productivity.

Abstract: A digital mirror dence chip has a substrate, micro-mirrors disposed on the substrate, and a glass cover plate disposed over the micro-mirrors. Each micro-mirror is inclined by +10 degrees or −10 degrees with respect to the substrate to be set to an on-state or an off-state. Incident light produced in a lighting source system is totally reflected in a total internal reflection prism and is incident on the micro-mirrors through the glass cover plate. Outgoing light reflected by micro-minors in the on-state passes through a projection lens and is projected onto a screen to form an image on the screen. Also, outgoing light reflected by micro-mirrors in the off-state passes out of the projection lens. The glass cover plate is not parallel to the substrate. Therefore, light specularly reflected by a surface of the glass cover plate passes out of the projection lens.

Abstract: Lengths of both sides of each end plane of a light-intensity distribution uniformizing element receiving a light flux of an F-number of 1 are set to ½ of those of a reflecting surface of a reflection type optical-spatial modulator element, position information of uniformed light fluxes output from the light-intensity distribution uniformizing element is Fourier-transformed into diverging angle information indicated by incident light fluxes output from a first group of lenses, a relay deformed diaphragm intercepts an interference component of each incident light flux, which is expected to interfere with an outgoing light flux, to produce asymmetric light fluxes, the asymmetric light fluxes are incident on the reflection type optical-spatial modulator element, a projection lens deformed diaphragm removes stray light from outgoing light fluxes output from the reflection type optical-spatial modulator element, and an image is displayed according to the outgoing light fluxes.

Abstract: A DMD chip has a substrate, micro-mirrors disposed on the substrate, and a glass cover plate disposed over the micro-mirrors. Each micro-mirror is inclined by +10 degrees or −10 degrees with respect to the substrate to be set to an on-state or an off-state. Incident light produced in a lighting source system is totally reflected in a TIR prism and are incident on the micro-mirrors through the glass cover plate. Outgoing light reflected on micro-mirrors set to the on-state passes through a projection lens and are projected onto a screen to form an image on the screen. Also, outgoing light reflected on micro-mirrors set to the off-state passes out of the projection lens. The glass cover plate is inclined not to be parallel to the substrate. Therefore, light specularly reflected on a surface of the glass cover plate passes out of the projection lens.

Abstract: An image displaying apparatus for projecting an image of an image plate on the retina of an eyeball. The image displaying apparatus includes a light source, an image plate for transmitting light from the light source, and a lens for converging the light transmitted through the image plate onto an eyeball. A flux of the light passing through the lens is converged into a size approximately the same as that of the pupil of the eyeball, and then, the flux of the light passes through the pupil, and impinges upon the eyeball.

Abstract: An optical system that controls laser beam spot profile for forming a high performance thin film by a laser heat treatment process is provided. In the optical system that irradiates a rectangular laser beam on a film formed on a substrate, intensity distribution forming, apparatus makes the intensity distribution uniform in the longitudinal direction while maintaining the properties of the laser beam 2 such as directivity in the direction of shorter side, making it possible to concentrate the light to a limit permitted by the nature of the laser beam and achieve the maximum intensity gradient on the film disposed on the substrate. Thus a steep temperature distribution can be generated on the film disposed on the substrate and, as a result, high performance thin film can be formed.

Abstract: An uneven-pattern reading apparatus includes a detecting prism having a detecting surface on which an uneven pattern is placed, an incident surface upon which an incident light beam for illuminating the uneven pattern is incident, and an emergent surface from which a light beam reflected from the uneven pattern on the detecting surface is emergent, angles between the respective detecting, incident, and emergent surfaces providing that the incident light beam is applied to the uneven pattern and the light reflected from the detecting surface is emergent from the emergent surface; an incident-light-beam converger for causing an incident light beam from a light source to be incident upon the incident surface after collimating or converging the incident light beam; an imaging device for detecting a reflected image emergent from the detecting prism; a converging optical system for collimating or converging the emergent light beam emergent from the emergent surface; and a processing device for identifying the uneve