Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes a tool body, a lower layer, and an upper layer. The lower layer consists of a W layer, a metal carbide layer, and a metal carbonitride layer. The W layer is formed from a surface of the tool body to a depth of 10 to 500 nm. The metal carbide layer includes any one of Ti, Cr, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta. The upper layer is alternately laminated with an A layer and a B layer and has a total thickness of 1.0 to 8.0 ?m. The A layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 5.0 ?m and is represented by (AlxCr1-x)N (0.40?x?0.80). The B layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 5.0 ?m and is represented by (Al1-a-b-c-sTiaCrbSicYd)N (0?a?0.40, 0.05?b?0.40, 0?c?0.20, and 0.01?d?0.10).

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes: a tool body formed of a tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide; a lower layer and an upper layer provided on the tool body. The lower layer is formed of a W layer. A metal carbide layer is formed directly on the W layer. A metal carbonitride layer is formed directly on the metal carbide layer. The upper layer has an alternately laminated structure of A layer and B layer. The A layer is formed of an (Al, Ti)N layer represented by (AlxTi1-x)N (where x is an atomic ratio and satisfies 0.40?x?0.70). The B layer is formed of an (Al, Ti, Cr, Si, Y)N layer represented by (Al1-a-b-c-dTiaCrbSicYd)N (where a, b, c, and d are atomic ratios and satisfy 0?a?0.40, 0.05?b?0.40, 0?c?0.20, and 0.01?d?0.10).

Abstract: At least a (Al1-a-b-cCraSibCuc)N (where 0.15?a?0.40, 0.05?b?0.20, and 0.005?c?0.05) layer is provided on a surface of a tool body, a Cr concentration or a Cu concentration periodically changes in a layer thickness direction, a concentration Crmax in a highest content point of Cr is in a range of a<Crmax?1.3a, a concentration Crmin in a lowest content point of Cr is in a range of 0.50a?Crmin<a, and optionally in a case where a Cu composition at one point z along the layer thickness direction is represented by cz and a Cr composition at the point z is represented by az, (cz/az)/(c/a) is 0.7 to 1.5 over the layer thickness direction entirely.

Abstract: Provided is a surface-coated cutting tool including: a cutting tool body and a hard coating layer on a surface of the cutting tool body, wherein the hard coating layer includes a complex nitride layer of Al, Cr, Si, and Cu, the complex nitride layer of Al, Cr, Si, and Cu includes a main phase, and CrSi-rich particles and Al-rich particles that are dispersed in the main phase, the main phase satisfies 0.15???0.40, 0.05???0.20, 0.005???0.05, and 0.45?x?0.60, the CrSi-rich particles satisfy 0.20???0.55, 0.20???0.55, 0???0.10, and 0.02?x?0.35, the Al-rich particles satisfy 0.10???0.25, 0.05???0.25, 0???0.10, and 0.02?x?0.35 in a composition formula: (Al1-?-?-?Cr?Si?Cu?)1-xNx), and an occupancy area ratio of the CrSi-rich particles having a major axis of 100 nm or more is 0.20 to 2.0 area %; and an occupancy area ratio of the Al-rich particles having a major axis of 100 nm or more is 0.50 to 3.0 area %.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes a tool body and a hard coating layer including a lower layer and an upper layer. The lower layer is made of a complex nitride layer of Al, Ti, and Si with the thickness of 0.3 to 3.0 ?m. It satisfies 0.3???0.5 and 0.01???0.10 (atomic ratio) being expressed by (Al1-?-?Ti?Si?)N. The upper layer is made of a complex nitride layer of Al, Cr, Si, and Cu with the thickness of 0.5 to 5.0 ?m. It satisfies 0.15?a?0.40, 0.05?b?0.20, and 0.005?c?0.05 (atomic ratio) being expressed by (Al1-a-b-cCraSibCuc)N. The upper layer is made of crystals having a hexagonal structure, and a half width of a diffraction peak of a (110) plane present in a range of 2?=55° to 65° is 1.0° to 3.5°.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes: a tool body made of any one of tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide, TiCN-based cermet, a cubic boron nitride sintered material, and high-speed tool steel; and a hard coating layer provided on a surface of the tool body. The hard coating layer includes at least a complex nitride layer of Al, Cr, Si, and Cu with an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 8.0 ?m. The complex nitride layer of (Al1-a-b-cCraSibCuc)N satisfies 0.15?a?0.40, 0.05?b?0.20, and 0.005?c?0.05 (here, each of a, b, and c is in atomic ratio). The complex nitride layer has a hexagonal crystal structure. A half width of a diffraction peak of a (110) plane present in a range of 2?=55° to 65° by performing X-ray diffraction on the complex nitride layer is 1.0° to 3.5°.

Abstract: In a surface-coated cutting tool, a hard coating includes one or more layers. At least one layer thereof is a hard coating layer composed of a complex nitride or carbonitride layer of Al, Cr, and Si and satisfying (Al1-x-yCrxSiy)(CzN1-z) where x, y and z are atomic ratios and satisfy 0.1?x?0.4, 0.01?y?0.2, and 0?z?0.3, respectively. The hard coating layer contains particles including: less than 10 atomic % of non-metal components selected from C and N; and metal components selected from Cr, Al and Si. In the cross-section perpendicular to the tool body surface, the number ratio of oblate particles with an Al content of 50 atomic % or less, a long diameter of less than 0.5 ?m, and an aspect ratio of 2.0 or more is 90% or more with respect to the total number of the particles.

Abstract: This surface-coated cutting tool includes a cutting tool body made of tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide and a hard coating layer deposited on a surface of the cutting tool body, in which the hard coating layer has at least one (Ti1-xAlx)N layer (0.4?X?0.7, X is an atomic ratio) with an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 10 ?m, the (Ti, Al)N layer has a cubic crystal structure, and Ia?Ib<5 is satisfied when Ia (%) is an average absorptance of the hard coating layer at a wavelength of 400 to 500 nm and Ib (%) is an average absorptance of the hard coating layer at a wavelength of 600 to 700 nm.

Abstract: At least a (Al1-a-b-cCraSibCuc)N (where 0.15?a?0.40, 0.05?b?0.20, and 0.005?c?0.05) layer is provided on a surface of a tool body, a Cr concentration or a Cu concentration periodically changes in a layer thickness direction, a concentration Crmax in a highest content point of Cr is in a range of a<Crmax?1.3a, a concentration Crmin in a lowest content point of Cr is in a range of 0.50a?Crmin<a, and optionally in a case where a Cu composition at one point z along the layer thickness direction is represented by cz and a Cr composition at the point z is represented by az, (cz/az)/(c/a) is 0.7 to 1.5 over the layer thickness direction entirely.

Abstract: Provided is a surface-coated cutting tool including: a cutting tool body and a hard coating layer on a surface of the cutting tool body, wherein the hard coating layer includes a complex nitride layer of Al, Cr, Si, and Cu, the complex nitride layer of Al, Cr, Si, and Cu includes a main phase, and CrSi-rich particles and Al-rich particles that are dispersed in the main phase, the main phase satisfies 0.15???0.40, 0.05???0.20, 0.005???0.05, and 0.45?x?0.60, the CrSi-rich particles satisfy 0.20???0.55, 0.20???0.55, 0???0.10, and 0.02?x?0.35, the Al-rich particles satisfy 0.10???0.25, 0.05???0.25, 0???0.10, and 0.02?x?0.35 in a composition formula: (Al1-?-?-?Cr?Si?Cu?)1-xNx), and an occupancy area ratio of the CrSi-rich particles having a major axis of 100 nm or more is 0.20 to 2.0 area %; and an occupancy area ratio of the Al-rich particles having a major axis of 100 nm or more is 0.50 to 3.0 area %.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes a tool body and a hard coating layer including a lower layer and an upper layer. The lower layer is made of a complex nitride layer of Al, Ti, and Si with the thickness of 0.3 to 3.0 ?m. It satisfies 0.3???0.5 and 0.01???0.10 (atomic ratio) being expressed by (Al1-?-?Ti?Si?)N. The upper layer is made of a complex nitride layer of Al, Cr, Si, and Cu with the thickness of 0.5 to 5.0 ?m. It satisfies 0.15?a?0.40, 0.05?b?0.20, and 0.005?c?0.05 (atomic ratio) being expressed by (Al1-a-b-cCraSibCuc)N. The upper layer is made of crystals having a hexagonal structure, and a half width of a diffraction peak of a (110) plane present in a range of 2?=55° to 65° is 1.0° to 3.5°.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes: a tool body made of any one of tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide, TiCN-based cermet, a cubic boron nitride sintered material, and high-speed tool steel; and a hard coating layer provided on a surface of the tool body. The hard coating layer includes at least a complex nitride layer of Al, Cr, Si, and Cu with an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 8.0 ?m. The complex nitride layer of (Al1-a-b-cCraSibCuc)N satisfies 0.15?a?0.40, 0.05?b?0.20, and 0.005?c?0.05 (here, each of a, b, and c is in atomic ratio). The complex nitride layer has a hexagonal crystal structure. A half width of a diffraction peak of a (110) plane present in a range of 2?=55° to 65° by performing X-ray diffraction on the complex nitride layer is 1.0° to 3.5°.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention includes: a hard coating layer which is vapor-deposited on a surface of a tool body made of tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide and has an average thickness of 2 mm to 10 mm, in which (a) the hard coating layer comprises a layer made of complex nitride of Al, Cr, and B in which a ratio (atomic ratio) of the amount of Cr is 0.2 to 0.45 and a ratio (atomic ratio) of the amount of B is 0.01 to 0.1 to the total amount of Al, Cr, and B, and (b) in an area within 100 mm from an edge tip on a flank face of the surface-coated cutting tool, the hard coating layer has a granular crystal grain structure and the average grain size of granular crystal grains is 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm on the surface of the hard coating layer.

Abstract: In a surface-coated cutting tool, a hard coating includes one or more layers. At least one layer thereof is a hard coating layer composed of a complex nitride or carbonitride layer of Al, Cr, and Si and satisfying (Al1-x-yCrxSiy)(CzN1-z) where x, y and z are atomic ratios and satisfy 0.1?x?0.4, 0.01?y?0.2, and 0?z?0.3, respectively. The hard coating layer contains particles including: less than 10 atomic % of non-metal components selected from C and N; and metal components selected from Cr, Al and Si. In the cross-section perpendicular to the tool body surface, the number ratio of oblate particles with an Al content of 50 atomic % or less, a long diameter of less than 0.5 ?m, and an aspect ratio of 2.0 or more is 90% or more with respect to the total number of the particles.

Abstract: This surface-coated cutting tool includes a cutting tool body made of tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide and a hard coating layer deposited on a surface of the cutting tool body, in which the hard coating layer has at least one (Ti1-xAlx)N layer (0.4?X?0.7, X is an atomic ratio) with an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 10 ?m, the (Ti, Al)N layer has a cubic crystal structure, and Ia?Ib<5 is satisfied when Ia (%) is an average absorptance of the hard coating layer at a wavelength of 400 to 500 nm and Ib (%) is an average absorptance of the hard coating layer at a wavelength of 600 to 700 nm.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention includes: a hard coating layer which is vapor-deposited on a surface of a tool body made of tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide and has an average thickness of 2 mm to 10 mm, in which (a) the hard coating layer comprises a layer made of complex nitride of Al, Cr, and B in which a ratio (atomic ratio) of the amount of Cr is 0.2 to 0.45 and a ratio (atomic ratio) of the amount of B is 0.01 to 0.1 to the total amount of Al, Cr, and B, and (b) in an area within 100 mm from an edge tip on a flank face of the surface-coated cutting tool, the hard coating layer has a granular crystal grain structure and the average grain size of granular crystal grains is 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm on the surface of the hard coating layer.

Abstract: A soft capsule composed of a plurality of cells coalesced to each other and filling substances encapsulated in the individual cells, the wall of at least one of the cells being formed of a material different from a material forming the wall of at least one of the other cells, and said capsule being seamless.

Abstract: The present invention relates to gelatin composite for the use of capsules to fill medicine and the like, coating agents or binding agents of tablets, casing materials and so on. A gelatin composite of the invention is characterized by comprising gelatin and polypeptide as an essential component, wherein the polypeptide is in the range of 15-70% by weight, referring to the total weight of the polypeptide and gelatin, and the gelatin has a gelly strength of 250 bloom or greater. The gelatin composite prevents insolubilization of the gelatin due to the passage of time without any degradation of shape-retaining ability of the gelatin composite.