Abstract: A treating fluid is in contact with a negative electrode containing lithium of a lithium cell under a first condition to react a surface portion of the negative electrode, and a treating fluid is in contact with lithium existing inside an article formed on the surface of the above-described negative electrode under a second condition. The cells can be effectively treated under safety condition to collect either the valuable substances, or the cell constructive components.

Abstract: A safe and controllable method of treating a secondary battery having at least one component containing alkali metal, comprises the steps of opening the battery casing, and introducing a gas containing at least one of water vapor and alcohol vapor into a closed chamber containing the battery thereby to form alkali metal hydroxide. To control hydrogen concentration, the rate of introduction of water and/or alcohol vapor may be varied. Apparatus for carrying out this method is also described.

Abstract: A treating fluid is in contact with a negative electrode containing lithium of a lithium cell under a first condition to react a surface portion of the negative electrode, and a treating fluid is in contact with lithium existing inside an article formed on the surface of the above-described negative electrode under a second condition. The cells can be effectively treated under safety condition to collect either the valuable substances, or the cell constructive components.

Abstract: A safe and controllable method of treating a secondary battery having at least one component containing alkali metal, comprises the steps of opening the battery casing, and introducing a gas containing at least one of water vapor and alcohol vapor into a closed chamber containing the battery thereby to form alkali metal hydroxide. To control hydrogen concentration, the rate of introduction of water and/or alcohol vapor may be varied. Apparatus for carrying out this method is also described.

Abstract: A treating fluid is in contact with a negative electrode containing lithium of a lithium cell under a first condition to react a surface portion of the negative electrode, and a treating fluid is in contact with lithium existing inside an article formed on the surface of the above-described negative electrode under a second condition. The cells can be effectively treated under safety condition to collect either the valuable substances, or the cell constructive components.

Abstract: A composite anode includes particles of an alkali metal alloy, a carbonaceous material powder and a binder and used for nonaqueous secondary batteries in which an alkali metal is used as an anode active material and a solution of an electrolyte in an organic solvent is used as an electrolyte solution, wherein the carbonaceous material powder contains oxygen atoms and the oxygen content is in the range of 1 to 5% by weight. A method for producing this composite anode includes the steps of mixing a solution of a binder comprising a copolymer of monomers mainly composed of olefins in an aromatic solvent with the alkali metal alloy particles and the carbonaceous material powder, coating the mixture on an electrode substrate and molding the coated substrate.

Abstract: A secondary battery control device includes a secondary battery section, a current converting section for converting current inputted or outputted to the secondary battery section from direct current to alternating current or vice versa, and a charge and discharge control section for controlling an input and an output as monitoring the state of the secondary battery section. The secondary battery control device is characterized in that the secondary battery section is arranged to have a main battery, an auxiliary battery connected in parallel to the main battery, an operating section for operating a residual capacity of the main battery by detecting a voltage of the auxiliary battery, and an indicator for indicating the residual capacity outputted from the operating section.

Abstract: The polymer electrolyte type hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell of the present invention comprises an oxygen electrode and a hydrogen electrode, a polymer electrolyte membrane provided between the oxygen electrode and hydrogen electrode and electron conductors provided on the side of the electrodes which is opposite to the electrolyte side and the oxygen electrode comprises a catalytically active component, a carrier for the catalytically active component and a binder and has such a gradient in water repellency across the thickness that the water repellency is highest in the area adjacent to the electrolyte and lowest in the area adjacent to the conductor. In this fuel cell, flooding of water at the interface between the oxygen electrode and the electrolyte can be prevented.

Abstract: Provided is a solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell which is improved in cell output characteristics by preventing the flooding phenomenon at the interface between the oxygen electrode and the electrolyte membrane, accelerating the gas diffusion and effective utilization of the active surface of the catalyst. This solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell comprises solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 and gas diffusion electrodes 2 and 3 provided on both sides of the membrane, said gas diffusion electrodes comprising catalyst layers 6 and 8 and gas diffusion layers 7 and 9 being provided on the outer side of the respective catalyst layers and a hydrogen-containing gas and an oxygen-containing gas being fed to the respective electrodes.

Abstract: A fuel cell electrode having a catalyst layer comprising electroconductive particles carrying a catalytically active component and a binder on a water-repellent baked plate comprising a carbon paper comprising carbon fiber and an organic binder and polytetrafluoroethylene infiltrated into voids of said carbon paper, characterized in that the carbon fiber of said baked plate has at least 20 cutting edges per square millimeter, and said polytetrafluoroethylene is infiltrated into at least one of said cutting edges to render the plate flexible.

Abstract: In a fuel cell having a fuel electrode, an oxidant electrode, and an electrolyte which is located between both the electrodes, a methanol concentration control device is disposed, at a pipe which supplies the fuel to the fuel cell for controlling the amount of the methanol in the pipe by detecting the open-circuit voltage of the unit cell or the open-circuit potential of the oxidant cell at the methanol concentration control device.

Abstract: In a fuel cell comprising a pair of counterposed gas-diffusible electrodes, an electrolyte-retaining, porous matrix provided between and in contact with the electrodes, a fuel chamber for feeding a gaseous fuel to the anode of the pair of the electrodes and an oxidizing agent chamber for feeding a gaseous oxidizing agent to the cathode of the pair of the electrodes, the cell performance is remarkably prevented from lowering by making the electrolyte saturated absorption amount of the cathode smaller than that of the anode, thereby preventing migration of the electrolyte in the electrolyte-retaining matrix.

Abstract: The disclosure is concerned with a secondary cell comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a liquidous electrolyte layer interposed between the electrodes, said electrolyte containing a dopant consisting of an anion and a cation, means for electrically insulating the electrodes, and an envelope for enclosing and for air-tightly sealing the electrodes and the electrolyte.The positive electrode or the negative electrode is made of a material, such as, phthalocyanine complexes, metal porphyrin complexes, chalcogenides of transition metals and an electrically conductive polymeric material such as polyacetylene.The secondary cell of the present invention has a long service life because of its good durability to charge and discharge operations.

Abstract: This invention is a fuel element for liquid fuel cell characterized in that a liquid fuel is rendered to assume a non-fluidized state by either physical means or chemical means, and is returned back to the initial liquid fuel at any time by physical means or chemical means.

Abstract: A methanol fuel cell with an electrolyte ion exchange membrane integrated with an oxidizer electrode containing water-repellent particles on one side of the membrane and with a hydrophilic fuel electrode containing no water-repellent particles on the other side thereof and with less contact resistance between the ion exchange membrane and the electrodes and a three-phase boundary readily formable in the oxidizer electrode.

Abstract: A liquid fuel cell including an anode made of carbon powders, which contains therein an electrode catalyzer and is adapted to be supplied with a liquid fuel, a cathode supplied with oxygen, and a separator interposed between the anode and the cathode. In order to improve cell performance, the anode is formed from carbon powders bonded with a binder, the carbon powders having particle sizes passing through a 50 Tyler mesh screen, in which at least thirty percent by volume of the carbon powders are unable to pass through a 100 Tyler mesh screen.

Abstract: A methanol fuel cell wherein a positive electrode and a negative electrode are disposed in contact with a solid film which exhibits a hydrogen ion- and/or hydronium ion-conductivity.The methanol permeability coefficient of the solid film of the methanol fuel cell is at most 1.times.10.sup.-6 mol/(mol/l).min.cm.sup.2.

Abstract: A primary battery comprises a negative active material such as lithium, a positive active material and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the positive active material further comprises a main positive active material such as manganese dioxide which takes main part in a primary discharge reaction together with the negative active material through the non-aqueous electrolyte and a precursor such as vanadium pentoxide or lead dioxide which takes part in the primary discharge reaction and produces a sub-positive active material, which takes part in a secondary discharge reaction.