Abstract: Provided are a hydrophilic polyamide and polyimide retaining characteristics particular to polyamides and polyimides, such as heat resistance. A polymeric compound is provided having a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1): wherein M1 and M2 each independently represent any one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a monovalent metal atom, an alkaline earth metal atom and an ammonium ion, provided that M1 and M2 are not a hydrogen atom at the same time; X1 and X2 represent an organic group; m and n each independently represent the number of substituents; Z1 represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted carbonyl group; Z2 represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group; Z3 represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted carbonyl group; and when Z1 or Z3 is an optionally substituted carbonyl group, they optionally form a ring structure together with Z2, each independently.

Abstract: Provided are a hydrophilic polyamide and polyimide retaining characteristics particular to polyamides and polyimides, such as heat resistance. A polymeric compound is provided having a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1): wherein M1 and M2 each independently represent any one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a monovalent metal atom, an alkaline earth metal atom and an ammonium ion, provided that M1 and M2 are not a hydrogen atom at the same time; X1 and X2 represent an organic group; m and n each independently represent the number of substituents; Z1 represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted carbonyl group; Z2 represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group; Z3 represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted carbonyl group; and when Z1 or Z3 is an optionally substituted carbonyl group, they optionally form a ring structure together with Z2, each independently.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for growing eukaryotic microorganisms which are capable of producing lipids, in particular lipids containing polyenoic fatty acids. The present invention also provides a process for producing eukaryotic microbial lipids.

Abstract: To provide a polymer material having properties that allow the polymer material to replace a polyimide and a polyamide synthesized from a petroleum raw material, said polymer material being synthesized from a raw material derived from natural molecules. [Solution] This polymer material is obtained by polymerizing a polymer raw material comprising a dimer of 4-amino cinnamic acid or a dimer of a 4-amino cinnamic acid derivative, which are natural molecules, wherein the carboxyl group is protected by an alkyl chain. The TGA curve of a polyamide acid (PAA-1) and a polyimide (PI-1) according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 5.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for growing eukaryotic microorganisms which are capable of producing lipids, in particular lipids containing polyenoic fatty acids. The present invention also provides a process for producing eukaryotic microbial lipids.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for growing eukaryotic microorganisms which are capable of producing lipids, in particular lipids containing polyenoic fatty acids. The present invention also provides a process for producing eukaryotic microbial lipids.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for growing eukaryotic microorganisms which are capable of producing lipids, in particular lipids containing polyenoic fatty acids. The present invention also provides a process for producing eukaryotic microbial lipids.

Abstract: To provide a polymer material having properties that allow the polymer material to replace a polyimide and a polyamide synthesized from a petroleum raw material, said polymer material being synthesized from a raw material derived from natural molecules. [Solution] This polymer material is obtained by polymerizing a polymer raw material comprising a dimer of 4-amino cinnamic acid or a dimer of a 4-amino cinnamic acid derivative, which are natural molecules, wherein the carboxyl group is protected by an alkyl chain. The TGA curve of a polyamide acid (PAA-1) and a polyimide (PI-1) according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 5.

Abstract: The method of the present invention includes a step (i) in which a voltage is applied between first and second electrodes 21 and 22 so that the first electrode serves as a cathode, with the first and second electrodes 21 and 22 being placed in contact with a material that allows ions to move therethrough. The material includes an adsorbent (gel 11) containing a macromolecule that has adsorbed a metal ion. The macromolecule contains the same constitutional units as those contained in a macromolecule extracted from Aphanothece sacrum. The first electrode 21 is placed in contact with the adsorbent in step (i). The metal is deposited on a surface of the first electrode 21 by applying the voltage in step (i).

Abstract: A sugar derivative derived from Aphanothece sacrum as a freshwater blue-green alga, having a mean molecular weight of 2,000,000 or more and a repeat structure of a sugar chain unit where a sugar constituent of a hexose structure and a sugar constituent of a pentose structure are conjugated together in a linear chain or a branched chain, containing a lactated, sulfated sugar as a constituent, where 2.7 or more hydroxyl groups per 100 hydroxyl groups are sulfated or sulfur element occupies 1.5% by weight or more of all of the elements, in the sugar chain unit. A sugar derivative with a novel polysaccharide structure as derived from Aphanothece sacrum is provided in such manner.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for growing eukaryotic microorganisms which are capable of producing lipids, in particular lipids containing polyenoic fatty acids. The present invention also provides a process for producing eukaryotic microbial lipids.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for growing eukaryotic microorganisms which are capable of producing lipids, in particular lipids containing polyenoic fatty acids. The present invention also provides a process for producing eukaryotic microbial lipids.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for growing eukaryotic microorganisms which are capable of producing lipids, in particular lipids containing polyenoic fatty acids. The present invention also provides a process for producing eukaryotic microbial lipids.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for growing eukaryotic microorganisms which are capable of producing lipids, in particular lipids containing polyenoic fatty acids. The present invention also provides a process for producing eukaryotic microbial lipids.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for growing eukaryotic microorganisms which are capable of producing lipids, in particular lipids containing polyenoic fatty acids. The present invention also provides a process for producing eukaryotic microbial lipids.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for growing eukaryotic microorganisms which are capable of producing lipids, in particular lipids containing polyenoic fatty acids. The present invention also provides a process for producing eukaryotic microbial lipids.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for growing eukaryotic microorganisms which are capable of producing lipids, in particular lipids containing polyenoic fatty acids. The present invention also provides a process for producing eukaryotic microbial lipids.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for growing eukaryotic microorganisms which are capable of producing lipids, in particular lipids containing polyenoic fatty acids. The present invention also provides a process for producing eukaryotic microbial lipids.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for growing eukaryotic microorganisms which are capable of producing lipids, in particular lipids containing polyenoic fatty acids. The present invention also provides a process for producing eukaryotic microbial lipids.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for growing eukaryotic microorganisms which are capable of producing lipids, in particular lipids containing polyenoic fatty acids. The present invention also provides a process for producing eukaryotic microbial lipids.