Abstract: An improved nickel electrode plate for an alkaline storage battery in which a paste-like active material is filled. The plate has a porous structure comprising one non-woven fabric or two or more such fabrics made of metal fibers each having a diameter of 10 .mu.m or more and a length of at least 10 mm and a framework made of nickel wires each thicker than the metal fiber to support the non-woven fabric or fabrics. The metal-fiber non-woven fabric or fabrics and nickel wires are sintered together to form the porous structure.

Abstract: A shock sensor capable of detecting a shock in a number of directions includes a reed switch, which is fixed inside a body and has a reed contact part which is magnetically changed from a first to a second state by way of a magnet, which is fixed inside the body at a specified distance from the reed switch. A shield member, having a sufficiently large area, prevents the magnet force of the magnet from affecting the reed contact part when the shield member is in its regular position. A resilient member, in a normal state, keeps the shield member at its regular position between the reed contact part and a magnet, at which the reed contact part is kept in the first state. When a shock is applied to the shock sensor, the resilient member allows the shield member to move to a position where the reed contact part changes over to the second state.In a second embodiment, the magnet is movably held in the main casing at a specified distance from the reed switch.

Abstract: A shock sensor capable of detecting a shock in a number of directions includes a reed switch, which is fixed inside a body and has a reed contact part with is magnetically changed from a first to a second state by way of a magnet, which is fixed inside the body at a specified distance from the reed switch. A shield member, having a sufficiently large area, prevents the magnetic force of the magnet from affecting the reed contact part when the shield member is in its regular position. A resilient member, in a normal state, keeps the shield member at its regular position between the reed contact part and the magnet, at which the reed contact part is kept in the first state. When a shock is applied to the shock sensor, the resilient member allows the shield member to move to a position where the reed contact part changes over to the second state.In a second embodiment, the magnet is movably held in the main casing at a specified distance from the reed switch.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine comprising a spark plug arranged at the center of the inner wall of the cylinder head, and a fuel injector arranged on the periphery of the inner wall of the cylinder head. A depression extending from the point beneath the spark plug to the point beneath the tip portion of the fuel injector is formed on the top face of the piston. When the engine is operating under a light load, fuel is injected by the fuel injector only once toward the depression, and conversely, when the engine is operating under an intermediate load, fuel is injected twice. Namely, a first injection is carried out when the piston is at a lower position, and a second injection is carried out when the piston is at a higher position, to thus direct fuel toward the depression.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a spark plug arranged at the center of the inner wall of the cylinder head, and a fuel injector arranged on the periphery of the inner wall of the cylinder head. A depression is formed on the top face of the piston. This depression is defined by a flat bottom wall and a pair of extended straight side walls which diverge toward the fuel injector side. Fuel is obliquely injected on the flat bottom wall of the depression from the fuel injector.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine including a pair of intake valves. A masking wall is provided for each intake valve to mask the valve opening between the valve seat and the peripheral portion of the intake valve, which is located on the exhaust valve side, for the entire time for which the intake valve is open. The exhaust valves open earlier than the intake valves, and the exhaust valves and the intake valves are closed at substantially the same time.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a spark plug arranged at the center of the inner wall of the cylinder head, and a fuel injector arranged on the periphery of the inner wall of the cylinder head. A depression extending from the position beneath the spark plug to the position beneath the tip portion of the fuel injector is formed on the top face of the piston, and fuel is injected toward the depression. When the engine is operating under a heavy load, the fuel moving along the axis of injection impinges upon the concaved inner wall of the depression at substantially a right angle. When the engine is operating under a light load, the injection time is retarded, and at this time, the fuel moving along the axis of injection impinges upon the concaved inner wall of the depression at an acute angle.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a piston having a top face with a depression formed therein, and a first fuel injector and a second fuel injector arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder head. Fuel is injected from the first fuel injector when the position of the piston is high, and fuel is injected from the second fuel injector when the position of the piston is low. The axes of fuel injection of both fuel injectors are determined such that fuel injected from the fuel injectors is directed to the central portion of the depression.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an air blast valve which injects fuel together with pressurized air in the form of a conical shaped spray of fuel. A depression is formed on the top face of the piston, and the conical shaped spray of fuel is injected from the air blast valve toward the depression. The longitudinal width of the depression in the moving direction of the spray of fuel is larger than the transverse width of the depression in the direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the spray of fuel, and the opposing side walls of the depression, which define the transverse width of the depression, are positioned slightly outward from the side face of the conical shaped spray of fuel.

Abstract: A resin composition comprising (a) a polyphenylene ether resin, (b) a non-crystalline or low-crystalline polyamide resin, (c) a crystalline polyamide resin and, if desired, (d) a polar compound or a low-molecular diene polymer or the component (d) and (e) a rubbery polymer or an alkenyl aromatic compound/conjugated diene copolymer or a hydrogeneration product thereof. The composition is excellent in both impact strength, particularly on a plane part of a plate-molded article, and dimensional stability.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine having an intake valve and an exhaust valve which are arranged on the cylinder head. A masking wall is formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head to mask the valve opening between the valve seat and the peripheral portion of the intake valve, which is located on the exhaust valve side, for the entire time for which the intake valve is open.

Abstract: In a knocking control apparatus for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine, the full-wave rectified output from a vibration sensor is integrated and summed with a constant offset voltage to provide a variable reference signal. The integration time constant is selected to be no more than approximately five times the rise time from inception to maximum value of each knocking occurrence, such that the reference value can remain above the envelope of the background vibrations of the engine, which have a much longer rise time than do the knocking vibrations, without being set too high to detect knocking in a cylinder remote from the location of the vibration sensor. The rectified output of the vibration sensor is directly compared with the reference signal to generate a knocking control pulse each time the alternating sensor output exceeds the reference value.

Abstract: An ignition control device of an engine comprising a knocking sensor. When a knocking does not occur, the ignition timing is maintained at an optimum ignition timing determined by the engine speed and the level of vacuum produced in the intake passage of the engine. When a knocking occurs, the ignition timing is retarded to an optimum ignition timing determined by the engine speed and the level of vacuum which is produced in the intake passage when the engine is operating in a wide open throttle.

Abstract: An engine knock detecting apparatus for sensing knocking occurring in an internal combustion engine. The engine knock detecting apparatus has a vibration sensor for sensing vibration having a vibration component caused by the knocking taking place in the engine and outputting an electric signal corresponding to the vibration. A feed back loop is formed by a first mean level detection circuit which determines and outputs the mean value of the electric signal derived from the vibration sensor, and a gain controller which controls the gain of an amplifier in accordance with the first mean level signal produced by the first mean level detection circuit, such that the amplified signal derived from the amplifier takes a level equal to or above a predetermined level. The amplified signal derived from the amplifier is compared by a comparator with a reference signal which is delivered through a second mean level detection circuit and a reference signal generator.

Abstract: A spark plug for internal combustion engines has center and grounded electrodes having surfaces disposed adjacent to a spark gap between the electrodes and directed to but spaced from each other and also have side faces converging toward the spark gap. Each of the electrodes is provided with a piece of a noble metal secured to the surface directed to the other electrode. The noble metal pieces provided on both electrodes define the spark gap therebetween.

Abstract: An engine knock sensor for sensing knocking occurring in an internal combustion engine. The vibration in the engine, involving the vibration component caused by the knocking, is sensed by a vibration sensor. A feed back control is achieved by a closed loop constituted by a variable-gain amplifier the gain of which is controllable and adapted for amplifting the electric signal from the vibration sensor corresponding to the vibration, a mean level detecting circuit for calculating the mean value of the level of the amplified signal and outputting a mean level signal, and a gain controller for effecting a control of the gain of the variable-gain amplifier in accordance with the mean level signal so as to maintain the level of the amplified signal above a predetermined level. A predetermined voltage is added to the mean level signal to produce a reference signal which is compared by a comparator with the amplified signal from the variable-gain amplifier.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of igniting in an internal combustion engine comprising a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber which are interconnected to each other by a connecting passage. The spark gap of the spark plug is located in the connecting passage. A ratio of the volume of the auxiliary combustion chamber to the cross-sectional area of the connecting passage is set in the range of 5 through 15 cm for creating a strong swirl motion of the combustible mixture in the auxiliary combustion chamber at the time of the compression stroke. The length of the continuance time of the discharging arc is set at approximately 1 m sec.

Abstract: An auxiliary combustion chamber shell of an internal combustion engine comprising a main combustion chamber having an intake valve and an exhaust valve, an auxiliary combustion chamber having no intake valve, a passage communicating the main and auxiliary combustion chambers, and an ignition spark plug whose electrode is positioned in the auxiliary combustion chamber. The auxiliary combustion chamber is pressed into a cylinder head to improve radiation effect, and held fast by the ignition spark plug. The auxiliary combustion chamber is divided into a high temperature portion adjacent to the communication passage and a secluded portion opposite the passage where the temperature is relatively low.

Abstract: A system for supplying secondary air into the exhaust system of internal combustion engines having in combination two parallel systems, one feeding air depending upon the exhaust gas pressure pulsation and the other feeding air depending upon the delivery of an air pump driven by the output power of the engine.

Abstract: An exposure device for a copying machine that has a transparent platen includes a pair of reflecting members covering the end areas of the platen. The reflectors are movable according to the size of paper placed into the copying machine so as to increase or decrease the covering areas whereby the effective coverage area of the platen is made to coincide with the size of copy paper fed into the copying machine.