Abstract: In the series regulator, when an external starting voltage source has started operation, a bias current is supplied from a fourth transistor to a reference voltage circuit, and a reference voltage is supplied form the reference voltage circuit to an amplifier. When an output voltage of a power transistor rises, and a value of a divided voltage applied to a sixth transistor has reached a value of a constant voltage being applied to a fifth transistor, the sixth transistor is turned on, and the fifth transistor is turned off. A tenth transistor starts supplying a bias current to the reference voltage circuit. At the same time, a bias switching circuit starts operation, and interrupts a supply of the bias current from the fourth transistor to the reference voltage circuit.

Abstract: In the series regulator, when an external starting voltage source has started operation, a bias current is supplied from a fourth transistor to a reference voltage circuit, and a reference voltage is supplied form the reference voltage circuit to an amplifier. When an output voltage of a power transistor rises, and a value of a divided voltage applied to a sixth transistor has reached a value of a constant voltage being applied to a fifth transistor, the sixth transistor is turned on, and the fifth transistor is turned off. A tenth transistor starts supplying a bias current to the reference voltage circuit. At the same time, a bias switching circuit starts operation, and interrupts a supply of the bias current from the fourth transistor to the reference voltage circuit.

Abstract: A freeze-thawing tank assembly includes an upright vessel having a hollow defined therein for accommodating therein a quantity of fluid medium to be treated. The vessel is closed at an upper end by a lid and at a lower end by a normally closed discharge valve. A plurality of double-walled structures are accommodated within the hollow of the vessel in equally spaced and parallel relation with each other. Each of the double-walled structures has a fluid passage defined therein for the flow of a heat-exchanging fluid medium and also has a fluid inlet and outlet communicated with the fluid passage. The fluid medium to be treated may be alternately frozen and thawed by passing the heat-exchanging medium through the fluid passages in the double-walled structures.