Abstract: The battery pack charging method charges a battery pack, which is a plurality of lithium ion rechargeable batteries connected in series, to full charge by constant current and constant voltage charging. Constant current charging is performed until total voltage reaches a prescribed total voltage. Subsequently, constant current charging is switched to constant voltage charging until full charge is reached. In addition, the voltage of each battery being charged is detected. When the voltage of any battery exceeds a first specified voltage, charging is switched to pulse charging.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element 1 according to the present invention includes: a substrate 2; a first electrode 3 formed on the substrate; an organic light-emitting layer 5 formed on the first electrode 3 so as to be brought into contact with the first electrode 3; and a second electrode 6 formed on the organic light-emitting layer 5, characterized in that an ion-doped surface onto which hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions are doped as dopant is provided in the vicinity of a contact interface B between the first electrode 3 and the organic light-emitting layer 5. By such characteristics, an organic electroluminescent element can be obtained, in which a low-voltage drive is made possible, and a long lifetime is realized.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element 1 according to the present invention includes: a substrate 2; a first electrode 3 formed on the substrate; an organic light-emitting layer 5 formed on the first electrode 3 so as to be brought into contact with the first electrode 3; and a second electrode 6 formed on the organic light-emitting layer 5, characterized in that an ion-doped surface onto which hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions are doped as dopant is provided in the vicinity of a contact interface B between the first electrode 3 and the organic light-emitting layer 5. By such characteristics, an organic electroluminescent element can be obtained, in which a low-voltage drive is made possible, and a long lifetime is realized.

Abstract: The battery pack charging method charges a battery pack, which is a plurality of lithium ion rechargeable batteries connected in series, to full charge by constant current and constant voltage charging. Constant current charging is performed until total voltage reaches a prescribed total voltage. Subsequently, constant current charging is switched to constant voltage charging until full charge is reached. In addition, the voltage of each battery being charged is detected. When the voltage of any battery exceeds a first specified voltage, charging is switched to pulse charging.

Abstract: This invention relates to highly reliable organic electroluminescent (EL) materials and devices exhibiting high luminance, high light emitting efficiency, minimal deterioration in light emission, usability at high temperature and good storage stability. The organic electroluminescent device of this invention has intermediate layers such as light emitting layer, hole transport layer, hole injection layer and the like arranged between the anode and the cathode and at least one of the intermediate layers comprises a triarylamine derivative represented by general formula (1) (wherein Ar1-Ar3 are substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups and at least one of Ar1-Ar3 is 9-phenanthryl group represented by general formula (2)); (wherein R1-R9 are H, halogen, alkyl group, aralkyl group, alkenyl group, cyano group, acyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, alkoxy group or the like).

Abstract: There can be provided a silicon single crystal wafer grown according to Czochralski method wherein the whole plane of the wafer is occupied by N region on the outside of OSF generated in a shape of a ring by thermal oxidation treatment and there exists no defect region detected by Cu deposition. Thereby, there can be produced a silicon single crystal wafer according to CZ method, which does not belong to any of V region rich in vacancies, OSF region and I region rich in interstitial silicons, and can surely improve electric characteristics such as oxide dielectric breakdown voltage characteristics or the like under stable manufacture conditions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a low-molecular-weight compound which is soluble in solvents and useful for a luminescent material and to an organic electroluminescent element (EL element) which comprises said luminescent material in its electroluminescent layer. The EL element comprises an EL material represented by the following formula (1) between electrodes at least one of which is transparent In formula (1), Ar1 is a group represented by the following formula (2), Ar2 is a group represented by the following formula (3) or (4) and Ar1 and Ar2 may condense to form a 10-membered ring in case Ar2 is represented by the following formula (3); wherein R1-R4 and R5 are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl and the like, Z is a divalent or trivalent metal such as zinc, aluminum, copper, beryllium, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium and platinum and n is 2 or 3.

Abstract: This invention relates to highly reliable organic electroluminescent (EL) materials and devices exhibiting high luminance, high light emitting efficiency, minimal deterioration in light emission, usability at high temperature and good storage stability.

Abstract: This invention relates to a low-molecular-weight compound which is soluble in solvents and useful for a luminescent material and to an organic electroluminescent element (EL element) which comprises said luminescent material in its electroluminescent layer.

Abstract: There can be provided a silicon single crystal wafer grown according to Czochralski method wherein the whole plane of the wafer is occupied by N region on the outside of OSF generated in a shape of a ring by thermal oxidation treatment and there exists no defect region detected by Cu deposition. Thereby, there can be produced a silicon single crystal wafer according to CZ method, which does not belong to any of V region rich in vacancies, OSF region and I region rich in interstitial silicons, and can surely improve electric characteristics such as oxide dielectric breakdown voltage characteristics or the like under stable manufacture conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic electrolyte battery configured by sealing power generating elements comprising an organic electrolyte by a positive can, a negative can and a gasket, wherein said organic electrolyte includes a lithium salt containing a sulfonic acid group as a solute and at least one selected from a group consisting of sulfolane, 3-methyl sulfolane and Tetraglyme as a solvent. The aim of the invention is to provide an organic electrolyte battery having an excellent discharge performance in a low temperature environment and a superior reliability during long term storage, as well as a high temperature resistance which enables the battery to be mounted onto a substrate according to the Reflow method.

Abstract: The invention provides a lithium secondary battery with improved withstanding overcharge and overdischarge characteristics which employs a cathode active material of lithium-containing manganese dioxide having a crystal structure of the Ramsdellite-type. An electrolyte combined with the cathode includes LiN(CF.sub.3 SO.sub.2).sub.2 as a solute. The solute is preferably dissolved in ethylene carbonate. A graphite or LiAl alloy is applied for an anode. LiAl alloy is corrosion-resistant, thereby improving high temperature as well as charge-discharge cycle life characteristics.

Abstract: A video data playback system for reproducing requested video data by switching coded video data to be reproduced between normal playback coded video data and fast playback coded video data according to a requested playback mode, where the normal playback coded video data are encoded by a first video coding scheme using both intra-frame coding and inter-frame coding, while the fast playback coded video data are encoded by a second video coding scheme using only intra-frame coding and having a playback bit rate and a frame rate identical to those of the normal playback coded video data. The normal playback coded video data can be obtained by encoding the original video data first, then the fast playback coded video data can be obtained by encoding selectively decoded normal playback coded video data. Alternatively, the normal and fast playback coded video data can be obtained by synchronizing start and end of encoding by the first video coding scheme and encoding by the second video coding scheme.

Abstract: A multiple readout of digital video data, capable of realizing the fast forward and fast reverse modes even under the logically multiplexed circumstances, and reducing a time required for the playback mode switching. A cycle for a readout operation is formed by a plurality of slots, each slot representing a unit time for reading a unit amount of the digital video data for each channel assigned to each user terminal; at least one of the plurality of slots forming each cycle is allocated to each channel and at least one of the plurality of slots not yet used for any channel in each cycle is additionally allocated to a user terminal which is requesting a playback mode switching; and the readout operation to read the digital video data for each channel from the storage device is carried out at every slot allocated to each channel in each cycle, by cyclically repeating the cycle for the readout operation. The requested playback mode switching can be a switching to a fast forward/reverse mode.

Abstract: A method of multiplexed data reading and visual search, in which each video program is divided into a plurality of video data groups which are stored in a prescribed order among the memory devices, and m memory control units are connected with mxn input/output channels selectively and sequentially in units of time-slots such that each memory control unit is connected with each of input/output channel at least once within a prescribed period. Then, the reading operations of the video data groups stored in the memory devices are carried out by making accesses from m memory control units in parallel at each time-slot.

Abstract: A video library system capable of shortening the worst response time with respect to each video data reading request, without lowering the possible level of multiplexing.

Abstract: A method of reading a length of multitrack magnetic tape on which data is written on each track in the form of a succession of blocks, with each data block carrying a block marker. While data on each track is being read by a transducer, the output therefrom is monitored for detecting a possible blank on the track from the block markers. The tape is stopped, rewound, and paid off again when a possible blank is detected, in order to retry reading of the detected possible blank. If the detected possible blank is due to dust accumulation on the tape or on the transducer, data written thereon may be read during the retry. Reading is discontinued if no block marker is detected during the retry. Reading of a detected possible blank may be retried only at a starting part of each track, where dust is particularly easy to accumulate, or throughout each track.

Abstract: A method of controlling the gain of a read amplifier preparatory to writing data on a length of multitrack magnetic tape, by writing and reading in a read-while-write mode a reference pattern on the tape immediately when the tape starts running. The gain of the read amplifier is automatically controlled so that the output therefrom, representative of the reference pattern read on the tape, may have a magnitude within a predetermined range. The gain control procedure is retried up to a predetermined number of, say, fifteen if the output magnitude of the read amplifier fails to come up to the predetermined range. If the failure in gain control is due to dust accumulation on the tape or on the transducer, the reference pattern is increasingly more likely to be written and read properly during the retries because the dust may be removed by relative sliding motion between the tape and the transducer.