Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a composite structure body is provided which forms structure body having the constitution in which the crystals of more than one type of brittle material are dispersed and having novel properties without involving a heating/sintering process. The apparatus includes an aerosol generator configured to generate an aerosol. The aerosol is generated through dispersing fine particles of more than one type of brittle material, or dispersing composite fine particles, in a gas. The apparatus also includes a nozzle configured to spray the aerosol, a classifier configured to classify the brittle material fine particles in the aerosol, and a disintegrating machine for disintegrating agglomerations of the brittle material fine particles in the aerosol. The composite structure body is manufactured in reduced pressure conditions by bombarding a substrate with the aerosol at a high velocity, whereby at least one of crystals and microstructures of said brittle materials are dispersed.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a composite structure body on a substrate surface, the structure having excellent chemical properties such as corrosion resistance and the like. The method includes bombarding fine particles of more than one type of brittle material against a surface of a substrate at high velocity to form an anchor portion biting said substrate surface and such that the fine particles of the brittle materials are simultaneously distorted or fractured by impact of the bombardment; and forming a structure body in which the crystals and/or microstructures of the brittle materials are dispersed above said anchor portion through mutual rejoining of the brittle material fine particles via an intermediary of a newly generated active surface formed by the distortion or fracture.

Abstract: A structure body having the constitution in which the crystals of a brittle material such as a ceramic, a metalloid and the like and the crystals or the microstructures (the microstructure bodies composed of amorphous metal layers and an organic substance) of a ductile material such as a metal and the like are dispersed, the structure bodies (the portion composed of the brittle material) are polycrystalline, the crystals constituting the structure bodies substantially lack the crystalline orientation, and the boundary layers composed of glassy substances are substantially absent in the boundary face between the crystals. It is possible to obtain a structure body having novel characteristics, composed of a brittle material and a ductile material, without involving a heating/sintering process.

Abstract: A structure body having the constitution in which the crystals of more than one types of brittle materials such as ceramics, metalloids, and the like are dispersed, the portion composed of the brittle materials is polycrystalline, the crystals constituting the polycrystalline portion substantially lacks the crystalline orientation, and the boundary layers composed of glassy substances are substantially absent in the boundary face between the crystals. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain a structure body composed of more than one types of brittle materials and having novel properties without involving a heating/sintering process.

Abstract: Pyrimidinedione derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is so linked with each other as to make an alkylene chain and thus form a heterocyclic structure, A, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 are substituents, respectively, and n is 2 or 3 have a basic backbone in which a phenyl group part and a pyrimidinedione part are linked by a structure comprising an alkyl chain and a heterocyclic ring having two nitrogen atoms. These compounds are useful for a medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.

Abstract: A pyrimidinedione derivative compound has a basic backbone in which a 4-oxobenzopyran ring group part and a pyrimidinedione part are linked by a structure comprising an alkyl chain containing at least two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen. The pyrimidinedione derivative is useful for a medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.

Abstract: A pyrimidinedione derivative compound has a basic backbone in which a phenyl group part and a pyrimidinedione part are linked by a structure comprising an alkyl chain containing at least two nitrogen atoms. The pyrimidinedione derivative is useful for a medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.

Abstract: Monosialoganglioside is prepared by heating ganglioside at a temperature higher than 50.degree. C. in a liquid medium containing water.

Abstract: Disclosed are 2-thiazol derivatives having the general formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently represent lower alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and X represents a lower alkyl radical, a lower alkoxy radical, a lower alkoxycarbonyl radical, a halogenoalkoxy radical, a radical of the formula ##STR2## or a radical of the formula ##STR3## Also disclosed are a process for preparing the derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions having immunomodulatory activity which comprise the derivatives as the active ingredient.

Abstract: Disclosed are uracil derivatives having the general formula ##STR1## where R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Also disclosed are a process for preparing these compounds and pharmaceutical compositions having immunomodulatory activity which comprise these compounds as the active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention provides new chemical compounds, N-(4-phenyl-2-thiazolyl)carbamate derivatives, a process for preparing the same and pharmaceutical compositions containing the carbamate derivatives. More particularly, the present invention provides N-(4-phenyl-2-thiazolyl)carbamate derivatives which have immuno-modulating activity and are thus effective against immunodiseases such as chronic rheumatoid arthritis and also useful against viral diseases or for the immunotherapy of cancers with low toxicity.

Abstract: The present invention provides new thiazole compounds possessing immuno-modulating activity, i.e. thiazole compounds of the general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 stands for a hydrogen or halogen atom or a lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted phenoxy, nitro or cyano group, R.sub.2 for a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl or lower alkylthio group, and R for an .alpha.-halogenoalkyl group or the grouping: ##STR2## a process for preparing same and pharmaceutical compositions containing the thiazole compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides thiazolyl derivatives as new chemical substance represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 stands for a lower alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, R.sup.2 for a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or lower alkylthio group, and R.sup.3 for a pyridyl or iso-oxazolyl group or a grouping of the general formula: ##STR2## processes for preparing same and pharmaceutical compositions containing the thiazolyl derivatives. More particularly, the present invention provides new thiazolyl derivatives which possess immuno-modulating activity and are thus therapeutically effective against immunodiseases such as chronic rheumatoid arthritis and also useful against viral diseases or for the immunotherapy of cancers and possess properties desirous as medicines with a slight toxicity, processes for preparing same and pharmaceutical compositions containing the new substance.

Abstract: Disclosed are 2-thiazol derivatives having the general formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently represent lower alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and X represents a lower alkyl radical, a lower alkoxy radical, a lower alkoxycarbonyl radical, a halogenoalkoxy radical, a radical of the formula ##STR2## or a radical of the formula ##STR3## Also disclosed are a process for preparing the derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions having immunomodulatory activity which comprise the derivatives as the active ingredient.

Abstract: A process for efficiently preparing 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil useful as an antitumor agent or an antiviral agent which comprises reacting 5-fluorouracil with 2,3-dihydrofuran. This reaction proceeds advantageously in the presence of a reaction accelerator such as a Lewis acid in a polar solvent such as pyridine.