Abstract: A force-sense-imparting operation device including a stationary section, a rotating section, and an operation member. One of the stationary section and the rotating section includes an excitation coil and a first magnetic pole section, and the other includes a second magnetic pole section capable of opposition to the first magnetic pole section in a specific opposing direction. The first magnetic pole section forms a magnetic circuit with the first magnetic pole section due to the second magnetic pole section being excited in a state that the second magnetic pole section opposes the first magnetic pole section. The magnetic circuit encircles a periphery of the excitation coil on the cross section, the second magnetic pole section being arranged to separate from the first magnetic pole section with rotation of the rotating section.

Abstract: A force-sense-imparting operation device including a stationary section, a rotating section, and an operation member. One of the stationary section and the rotating section includes an excitation coil and a first magnetic pole section, and the other includes a second magnetic pole section capable of opposition to the first magnetic pole section in a specific opposing direction. The first magnetic pole section forms a magnetic circuit with the first magnetic pole section due to the second magnetic pole section being excited in a state that the second magnetic pole section opposes the first magnetic pole section. The magnetic circuit encircles a periphery of the excitation coil on the cross section, the second magnetic pole section being arranged to separate from the first magnetic pole section with rotation of the rotating section.

Abstract: The apparatus for reading spectral information out of image patterns includes a solid-state image sensor for taking pictures of image patterns, a unit for making one-dimensional images out of lights having reflected at the image patterns, a spectroscope introducing the one-dimensional images into the solid-state image sensor, a shutter unit located in front of the solid-state image sensor, and a synchronizer turning the shutter unit on or off in synchronization with movement of the image patterns, the spectroscope disperses lights having entered thereinto into each of wavelengths, and makes three-dimensional image spectrum which is wavelength dispersive for each of pixels in association with each of locations of the image patterns.