Abstract: A first linearly polarized bundle of rays of incident rays is converted by optical modulation with an input video signal into a second linearly polarized bundle of rays orthogonal to the first rays in polarization. The first rays pass through a polarizer before optically modulated. A second linearly polarized bundle of rays originally involved in the incident rays is reflected by the polarizer in a first direction. The second rays obtained by the optical modulation are reflected by the polarizer in a second direction. The second rays reflected in the second direction pass through another polarizer. A first linearly polarized bundle of rays involved in the reflected second rays is reflected by the other polarizer. The reflected first rays is detected by an optical sensor that is positioned outside an optical path of the second rays originally involved in the incident rays and reflected in the first direction.

Abstract: A bundle of rays is incident in a lens array and converted into sub-bundles of rays. The sub-bundles of rays are separated by a color separator into first and second sub-bundles of rays of different colors. The first and the second sub-bundles of rays are combined by other lens arrays into a first and a second bundle of rays of uniform illuminance, respectively. The first and second bundle of rays of uniform illuminance are applied polarization beam splitting and then polarization angle conversion by polarization converters, to be converted into first and second linearly polarized beams, respectively. The second linearly polarized beams are separated by a color separator, provided on an optical path of the second linearly polarized beams, into third and fourth linearly polarized beams of different colors.

Abstract: A light source device includes a solid light emitting element 1 having a reflection film on the back side, first and second reflection surfaces 2, 3 opposing each other in parallel and substantially perpendicular to a front surface of the solid light emitting element 1 and a third reflection surface 4 substantially perpendicular to the first and second reflection surfaces 2, 3 and opposing the front surface of the solid light emitting element 1. The third reflection surface 4 is inclined to the front surface of the solid light emitting element 1. The reflection film of the element 1, the first, second and third reflection surfaces 2, 3, 4 do constitute a closed polyhedron having an emission opening 5 smaller than a light emitting surface of the element 1. Light emitted from the element 1 is emitted to an outside through the emission opening 5.

Abstract: A light source apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention is comprised of a light emitting tube having a first electrode in one end and a second electrode in the other end thereof, the tube having both ends closed, a concave-shaped reflector having a hole in its deepest portion, the hole being provided for holding the light emitting tube, a transparent glass plate covering an opening of the reflector, a lead wire whose ends connects to the second electrode and extends out through a hole formed on a side surface of the reflector, respectively, a cooling fan blowing cooling air toward the reflector, and an air guiding member that separates the cooling air from the fan into a first cooling air cooling an outer surface of the reflector and a second cooling air cooling the other end of the lead wire extending out from the reflector.

Abstract: A polarizing illuminant apparatus includes a surface emission light source 1 that emits a monochroic and indefinitely polarized light, a tabular photonic crystal 2 arranged on a light emitting surface 1a of the surface emission light source 1 to receive the light emitted from the light emitting surface 1a, a quarter wave plate 3 that receives a light emitted from the surface emission light source 1 and transmitted through the photonic crystal 2 and a reflective polarization plate 4 arranged in substantially-parallel with the photonic crystal 2 to receive a light transmitted through the quarter wave plate 3.

Abstract: A light source apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention is comprised of a light emitting tube having a first electrode in one end and a second electrode in the other end thereof, the tube having both ends closed, a concave-shaped reflector having a hole in its deepest portion, the hole being provided for holding the light emitting tube, a transparent glass plate covering an opening of the reflector, a lead wire whose ends connects to the second electrode and extends out through a hole formed on a side surface of the reflector, respectively, a cooling fan blowing cooling air toward the reflector, and an air guiding member that separates the cooling air from the fan into a first cooling air cooling an outer surface of the reflector and a second cooling air cooling the other end of the lead wire extending out from the reflector.

Abstract: There is disclosed a data presentation apparatus including: a data laying table on which data such as a written/drawn draft and solid material are to be laid; an aspheric reflection mirror, disposed above the vicinity of a side part of the data laying table, for obliquely taking an image light of the data laid on the data laying table and reflecting the image light of the data; an image forming optical system which cooperates with the aspheric reflection mirror to form the image light of the data reflected by the aspheric reflection mirror into an image; and an image pickup element for receiving the image light of the data formed into the image by the image forming optical system.

Abstract: A liquid crystal displaying apparatus has a reflection-type liquid crystal display with vertical orientation-mode liquid crystals, to modulate linearly polarized light. Also provided is a polarization and diffracting section to convert read light beams obliquely incident thereto to the linearly polarized light, to allow the linearly polarized light to be incident to the liquid crystal display, allow first polarized light components of the linearly polarized light modulated by the liquid crystal display to pass therethrough, the first polarized light components vibrating in a first direction perpendicular to a second direction in which the linearly polarized light vibrates, and diffract second polarized light components of the linearly polarized light to a third direction from which the read light beams be incident to the liquid crystal display, the second polarized light components vibrating in the second direction.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator and a lighting system used in, for example, projection displays are provided. The lighting system has a polarizing plate optically disposed in parallel to a light modulating layer of the spatial light modulator, thereby orienting the polarization of readout light beams incident on the spatial light modulator in the same direction to increase the contrast of images projected on a screen. The spatial light modulator is provided with a coupling prism having a side surface opposed to an entrance surface on which the readout light beams are incident. The side surface is so inclined inward as to allow stray light in the coupling prism to go out of the coupling prism without being reflected, thereby eliminating a decrease in contrast of images with a screen caused by the stray light.

Abstract: In an illumination device used for a color image projector, indefinitely polarized light beams from a light source are separated by a polarization beam splitter into two linearly polarized light beams respectively having polarized planes perpendicularly intersecting to each other. One of the two polarized light beams is made to have the same polarized plane as that of the other by a 1/2.lambda. wave-plate. Second and third lens arrays are respectively placed at positions where an optical distance from a first lens array to the second lens array is the same as that from the first lens array to the third lens array. Principal rays of luminous fluxes outputted from microlenses of the second and third lens arrays are made to be parallel to each other and to a superimposing lens. The illumination light outputted from the superimposing lens illuminates a display device in a telecentric optical system using optically a visual field lens.

Abstract: A reflective type active matrix display panel having pixel electrodes formed on a substrate is manufactured as follows: an insulating film is formed all over the substrate including the pixel electrodes; the surface of the insulating film is planarized by use of a polishing material including an etchant for etching the insulating film; and a reflective layer and a liquid crystal layer are formed on the planarized insulating film. The surfaces of the pixel electrodes are also planarized to have only the liquid crystal layer formed on the planarized pixel electrodes. The display panel has pixel transistors arranged into a matrix pattern on the substrate. Connected to the transistors are pixel electrodes and wirings arranged into a matrix pattern Signals are applied to the pixel electrodes via the wirings. The transistors, pixel electrodes, and wirings are provided in a display pixel area on the substrate. The display panel also has drive circuits for scanning the signals, formed around the display pixel area.