Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of detecting IgG4 and Smad1 in a biological sample from a subject with onset or a risk of onset of diabetic nephropathy.

Abstract: A power transmitter and a power receiver are disposed with a space provided therebetween, and a power transmission device produces an electromagnetic field that periodically changes using the AC current in a space and forms a vibrating electromagnetic resonance field in which the space itself has energy. By obtaining electrical energy from the resonance field, a power reception device produces a resonance current, and a new electromagnetic resonance field is formed by the resonance current. The power transmission device or the power reception device is constituted of a conductor having a Peano curve shape that covers a surface having a given spread by passing through all regions obtained by dividing the surface having a given spread without intersecting with itself, and the electromagnetic field energy of a space in the periphery of the fractal-shaped device is increased.

Abstract: A power transmitter and a power receiver are disposed with a space provided therebetween, and a power transmission device produces an electromagnetic field that periodically changes using the AC current in a space and forms a vibrating electromagnetic resonance field in which the space itself has energy. By obtaining electrical energy from the resonance field, a power reception device produces a resonance current, and a new electromagnetic resonance field is formed by the resonance current. The power transmission device or the power reception device is constituted of a conductor having a Peano curve shape that covers a surface having a given spread by passing through all regions obtained by dividing the surface having a given spread without intersecting with itself, and the electromagnetic field energy of a space in the periphery of the fractal-shaped device is increased.

Abstract: The present invention provides a muscle-building preparation for use during rehabilitation after injury or post-injury surgery, the preparation containing a composition comprising 42 to 55% by weight of protein, 12 to 20% by weight of fat, and 23 to 42% by weight of carbohydrate, on a dry weight basis of the total weight of the composition; and a food containing the muscle-building preparation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a promoter for increasing plasma volume containing as an active ingredient a gel composition comprising the following components and having a pH in the range of 3 to 4: 3 to 8 wt. % of protein that does not coagulate at pH 3 to pH 4; 0.1 to 0.5 wt. % of calcium; 0.5 to 3 wt. % of acidulant; 4 to 20 wt. % of carbohydrate; 0 to 5 wt. % of fat; 0 to 0.5 wt. % of emulsifying agent; 0.1 to 1 wt. % of agar; and 65 to 90 wt. % of water.

Abstract: The invention provides an immunopotentiating composition and to a composition accelerating the production of interferon-&ggr;, both comprising lactosuclose as an active ingredient. In particular, the invention provides such compositions in the form of a foodstuff. Oral administration or ingestion of the compositions enhances biophylaxis mechanism (immunological function) in the digestive tract, thus achieving significant treating and preventing effects on intestinal infections and like diseases.

Abstract: A body fat percentage-lowering, body composition-improving food composition comprising 10-65 weight % of protein, 5-25 weight % of fat, and 15-70 weight % of carbohydrate, all on a dry weight basis, which composition is to be taken before, during, and/or after exercise, particularly after exercise preceding a resting period, and a method for lowering body fat percentage and improving body composition through utilization of the above food composition.