Abstract: A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; and a charge blocking layer; a moiré preventing layer; and a photosensitive layer, which are overlaid overlying the substrate in this order, wherein the photosensitive layer includes a titanyl phthalocyanine crystal which has an average primary particle diameter not greater than 0.25 ?m, and has an X-ray diffraction spectrum such that a maximum peak is observed at a Bragg (2?) angle of 27.2°±0.2°; a peak is observed at Bragg (2?) angle of 9.4°±0.2°, 9.6±0.2° and 24.0±0.2°; a lowest angle peak is observed at an angle of 7.3°±0.2°; no peak is observed between the lowest angle peak and the 9.4° peak; and no peak is observed at a Bragg (2?) angle of 26.3°±0.2°, when a Cu—K? X-ray having a wavelength of 0.1542 nm (1.542 ?) is used.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming apparatus comprising: an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising: an electroconductive substrate; a charge generation layer; and a charge transport layer in this order, a charger; an irradiator; an image developer; and a transferer applying an electric current not less than 65 ?A to the electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein the charge generation layer comprises titanylphthalocyanine crystals having a CuK? 1.542 ? X-ray diffraction spectrum having plural diffraction peaks, wherein a maximum diffraction peak is observed at a Bragg (2?) angle of 27.2°; main peaks are observed at 9.4°, 9.6° and 24.0°; and a minimum diffraction peak is observed at 7.3°; and no diffraction peak is observed at an angle greater than 7.3° and less than 9.4°, wherein said angles may vary by ±0.2° and the minimum interval where no peak is observed between required peaks at 7.3 and 9.4 is 2.0 degrees absolute or more.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor includes an electroconductive substrate, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer formed by using a halogen-free solvent, arranged in this order, in which the charge generation layer contains a charge generation material having an average particle diameter smaller than a surface roughness of a plane where the electroconductive substrate is arranged, and a polyvinyl acetal resin having a ratio Mw/Mn of a weight-average molecular weight Mw to a number-average molecular weight Mn is 2.2 or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image forming apparatus including a photoconductor, a charging unit configured to charge the photoconductor, a writing unit configured to form a latent electrostatic image, a toner image forming unit configured to form a toner image by developing the latent electrostatic image, the toner image forming unit having a plurality of developing devices housing a plurality of color developers for each color, a transfer unit configured to transfer the toner image formed on the photoconductor onto a transfer material, and a fixing unit configured to fix the transferred toner image on the transfer material, wherein the time spent by an arbitrary point on the photoconductor in moving from a position in which to face the writing unit to a position in which to face the developing unit is shorter than 50 ms and longer than the transit time of the photoconductor.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member for bearinf a latent electrostatic image including a substrate, an intermediate layer containing a metal oxide and a photosensitive layer containing a charge transport layer and a charge generating layer containing an organic charge generating material, a charging device for charging the image bearing member, a writing device for writing the latent electrostatic image on the image bearing member by irradiating the image bearing member with light having a wavelength shorter than 450 nm which the metal oxide absorbs so that carriers can be generated, a developing device for developing the latent electrostatic image with a toner to form a visualized image, a transfer device for transfering the visualized image to a recording medium, a fixing device for fixing the transferred image on the recording image, and a discharging device for optically discharging residual charges on the image bearing member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided, including an electrostatic latent image bearer; a charger charging the electrostatic latent image bearer; an irradiator irradiating the electrostatic latent image bearer with image wise light having an image resolution not less than 1,200 dpi to form an electrostatic latent image thereon; an image developer developing the electrostatic latent image with a toner to form a toner image on the electrostatic latent image bearer; a transferer transferring the toner image onto a recording medium; and a fixer fixing the toner image on the recording medium, wherein a time for a given point on the electrostatic latent image bearer to travel from a position right in front of the irradiator to a position right in front of the image developer is shorter than 50 msec and longer than a transit time of the electrostatic latent image bearer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate, and optionally a protective layer overlying the photosensitive layer, wherein an outermost layer of the photoreceptor includes a filler, a binder resin and an organic compound having an acid value of from 10 to 700 mgKOH/g. The photosensitive layer can be the outermost layer. A coating liquid for an outermost layer of a photoreceptor including a filler, a binder resin, an organic compound having an acid value of from 10 to 700 mgKOH/g and plural organic solvents. A method for preparing a photoreceptor including forming a photosensitive layer, and coating the coating liquid on the photosensitive layer. An image forming method and apparatus and a process cartridge using the photoreceptor are also provided.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a photoreceptor including a substrate, and an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer on the substrate in this order; a charger charging the photoreceptor; an irradiator irradiating the photoreceptor to form an electrostatic latent image thereon; an image developer developing the electrostatic latent image with a toner to form a toner image on the photoreceptor; a transferer transferring the toner image onto a recording medium; a fixer fixing the toner image on the recording medium; and a discharger removing a residual potential from the photoreceptor with light, wherein the intermediate layer includes a metal oxide, the charge generation layer comprises an organic charge generation material, and the irradiator irradiates the photoreceptor with writing light having a wavelength shorter than 450 nm, which is not absorbed in the metal oxide in the intermediate layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor that is excellent in the stability of image quality and can realize high durability is provided. In an electrophotographic photoconductor in which an underlying layer, a photoconductive layer, and a crosslinked-type charge transportation layer are stacked on an electrically conductive support in order, the underlying layer is composed of at least two layers being a layer containing an inorganic pigment and a layer including no inorganic pigment, and the crosslinked-type charge transportation layer is formed by curing, at least, a three-or-more-functional radical-polymerizable monomer having no charge transporting structure and a radical-polymerizable compound having one-functional charge transporting structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus, an image forming process and a process cartridge, in which the image quality and the durability of the photoconductor may be enhanced, images may be formed stably even after the repeated usages, and higher quality and higher stability of images may be established due to the superimposed alternating voltage as well as decrease of the charging hazard on the photoconductor. Specifically, the image forming apparatus according to the present invention comprises a photoconductor, latent electrostatic image forming unit, developing unit a transferring unit, and fixing unit, wherein the charging member is of roller shape disposed proximate to the photoconductor, the photoconductor is charged at the charging nip portion formed between the photoconductor and the charging member, in a condition that satisfies the following Equation: 4.4×1014?[(Number of Charged Particles)÷(Circumferential length of the photoconductor)]?17.

Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic photoconductor that has a layer containing a compound represented by the following general formula (1), and an image forming apparatus using the electrophotographic photoconductor.

Abstract: A titanyl phthalocyanine crystal having an X-ray diffraction spectrum having a plurality of diffraction peaks in which a maximum diffraction peak is observed at a Bragg (2 ?) angle of 27.2°±0.2° and a diffraction peak is observed at a lowest Bragg (2?) angle of 7.3°±0.2° when a specific X-ray of Cu—K? having a wavelength of 1.514 ? irradiates the titanyl phthalocyanine crystal. A photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer including the titanyl phthalocyanine crystal is also provided.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including an electrostatic latent image bearer bearing an electrostatic latent image; an electrostatic latent image former forming the electrostatic latent image on a surface of the latent image bearer; an image developer developing the electrostatic latent image with a developer including a toner to form a toner image on the surface of the image bearer; a transferer transferring the toner image onto a receiving material; a fixer fixing the toner image to the receiving material; and a discharger discharging charges remaining on the image bearer by irradiating the image bearer with discharging light having a wavelength of less than 500 nm, wherein the latent image bearer includes a substrate; and a photosensitive layer overlying the substrate, including a charge generation layer containing an organic charge generation material, and a charge transport layer containing at least one of charge transport materials having the formulae (I) to (IV).

Abstract: An image forming apparatus and a process cartridge having a photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate and comprising a charge generation material, a charge transport material and an inorganic filler, wherein the content of the inorganic filler at a surface side of the photosensitive layer is greater than that at a bottom side of the photosensitive layer near the electroconductive substrate, and wherein an outermost layer of the photoreceptor has a water vapor permeability not greater than 50 g·m31 2·24 h?1.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including an electrostatic latent image bearing member including a photosensitive layer including a charge generation layer containing an organic charge generation material, and a charge transport layer; an electrostatic latent image forming device configured to form an electrostatic latent image on a surface of the electrostatic latent image bearing member; a developing device configured to develop the electrostatic latent image bearing member with a developer including a toner to form a toner image on the surface of the image bearing member; a transfer device configured to transfer the toner image onto a receiving material; a discharging device configured to dissipate charges remaining on the image bearing member by irradiating the image bearing member with discharging light with a wavelength of less than 500 nm after the toner image is transferred; and a fixing device configured to fix the toner image to the receiving material.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member to operate at a linear velocity of at least 300 mm/sec, which includes an electroconductive substrate, a charge blocking layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate, a moiré prevention layer located overlying the charge blocking layer, and a photosensitive layer located overlying the moiré prevention layer. The photosensitive layer contains titanyl phthalocyanine having a primary particle diameter of not greater than 0.25 ?m and having a crystal form having a CuK? X ray diffraction spectrum having a wavelength of 1.542 ? such that the maximum diffraction peak is observed at a Bragg (2?) angle of 27.2±0.2°, main peaks are observed at a Bragg (2?) angle of 9.4±0.2°, 9.6±0.2°, and 24.0±0.2°, and a peak is observed at a Bragg (2?) angle of 7.3±0.2° as the lowest angle diffraction peak, while there is no peak between 9.4±0.2 and 7.3±0.2 and there is no peak at 26.3±0.2°).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including: an electroconductive substrate; a first undercoat layer including no metal oxide, located overlying the electroconductive substrate; a second undercoat layer including a metal oxide and a binder resin, located overlying the first undercoat layer; and a photosensitive layer located overlying the second undercoat layer, wherein the metal oxide included in the second undercoat layer has a specific resistivity not less than 107 ?·cm and a block isocyanate compound.

Abstract: A coating liquid including an N-alkoxymethylated nylon and a solvent, wherein the N-alkoxymethylated nylon includes one or more ions in an amount of from 200 to 500 ppm based on a weight of the N-alkoxymethylated nylon or one or more alkylamines in an amount of from 15 to 100 ppm based on a weight of the N-alkoxymethylated nylon. A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a charge blocking layer located overlying the substrate; a moiré preventing layer located overlying the charge blocking layer; and a photosensitive layer located overlying the moiré preventing layer, wherein the charge blocking layer is formed using the coating liquid.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate and comprising a charge generation material, a charge transport material and an inorganic filler, wherein the content of the inorganic filler at a surface side of the photosensitive layer is greater than that at a bottom side of the photosensitive layer near the electroconductive substrate, and wherein an outermost layer of the photoreceptor has a water vapor permeability not greater than 50 g·m?2·24 h?1.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming apparatus comprising: an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising: an electroconductive substrate; a charge generation layer; and a charge transport layer in this order, a charger; an irradiator; an image developer; and a transferer applying an electric current not less than 65 ?A to the electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein the charge generation layer comprises titanylphthalocyanine crystals having a CuK? 1.542 ? X-ray diffraction spectrum having plural diffraction peaks, wherein a maximum diffraction peak is observed at a Bragg (2?) angle of 27.2°; main peaks are observed at 9.4°, 9.6° and 24.0°; and a minimum diffraction peak is observed at 7.3°; and no diffraction peak is observed at an angle greater than 7.3° and less than 9.4°, wherein said angles may vary by ±0.2° and the minimum interval where no peak is observed between required peaks at 7.3 and 9.4 is 2.0 degrees absolute or more.