Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member with suppressed positive ghosts, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a support and a photosensitive layer on the support; the photosensitive layer comprises (?) a compound represented by the formula (1), and (?) at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the formula (2) and a compound represented by the formula (3), wherein a content of the (?) with respect to a content of the (?) is 50 to 850 mass ppm in the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A capacitive gas sensor in which a second electrode layer made of a nano-carbon material entangled to be three-dimensionally reticulated and a gas-sensitive film are not separated from each other. A capacitive gas sensor includes a substrate; a first electrode layer formed on the substrate; a gas-sensitive film formed on the first electrode layer and having air permeability; and a second electrode layer formed on the gas-sensitive film to be opposed to the first electrode layer and made of a nano-carbon material entangled to be three-dimensionally reticulated. The capacitive gas sensor also includes a reinforcing resin layer having air permeability and disposed at least on the second electrode layer.

Abstract: A negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery including carbon over a part or a whole of a surface of an oxide of silicon, in which the content of the carbon is from 0.5 mass-% to less than 5 mass-%.

Abstract: A negative electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery includes silicon oxide particles, each of which has carbon on at least a portion of its surface, in which: a ratio (PSi/PSiO2) of an intensity of an X-ray diffraction peak at 2? of from 27° to 29°, which is derived from Si, to an intensity of an X-ray diffraction peak at 2? of from 20° to 25°, which is derived from SiO2, is within a range of from 1.0 to 2.6, when CuK? radiation having a wavelength of 0.15406 nm is used as a radiation source; and a ratio (SH2O/SN2) of a specific surface area calculated from moisture adsorption at 298 K to a specific surface area calculated from nitrogen adsorption at 77 K is 0.60 or less.

Abstract: A negative electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery includes silicon oxide particles, each of which has carbon on at least a portion of its surface, in which: a ratio (PSi/PSiO2) of an intensity of an X-ray diffraction peak at 2? of from 27° to 29°, which is derived from Si, to an intensity of an X-ray diffraction peak at 2? of from 20° to 25°, which is derived from SiO2, is within a range of from 1.0 to 2.6, when CuK? radiation having a wavelength of 0.15406 nm is used as a radiation source; and a specific surface area calculated from carbon dioxide adsorption at 273 K is 8.5 m2/g or less.

Abstract: A negative electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery, the negative electrode active material includes silicon oxide particles, each of which has carbon on at least a portion of its surface, in which: a ratio (PSi/PSiO2) of an intensity of an X-ray diffraction peak at 2? of from 27° to 29°, which is derived from Si, to an intensity of an X-ray diffraction peak at 2? of from 20° to 25°, which is derived from SiO2, is within a range of from 1.0 to 2.6, when CuK? radiation having a wavelength of 0.15406 nm is used as a radiation source; and a specific surface area calculated from moisture adsorption at 298 K is 6.5 m2/g or less.

Abstract: A negative electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery is one that includes silicon oxide particles each having carbon present on a part of a surface of or an entire surface thereof, that has a ratio (PSi/PSiO2) of an intensity of an X-ray diffraction peak at 2? of from 27° to 29°, that is derived from Si, to an intensity of an X-ray diffraction peak at 2? of from 20° to 25°, that is derived from SiO2, of from 1.0 to 2.6 when CuK? radiation with a wavelength of 0.154056 nm is employed as a radiation source, and that has a mean value of an aspect ratio (S/L) of its minor axis (S) to its major axis (L) of 0.45?S/L?1.

Abstract: A negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery includes a silicon oxide and having a diffraction peak attributable to Si (111) in an X-ray diffraction spectrum, in which a size of a silicon crystallite calculated from the diffraction peak is from 2.0 nm to 8.0 nm.

Abstract: A negative electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery includes silicon oxide particles, each of which has carbon on at least a portion of its surface, in which: a ratio (PSi/PSiO2) of an intensity of an X-ray diffraction peak at 2? of from 27° to 29°, which is derived from Si, to an intensity of an X-ray diffraction peak at 2? of from 20° to 25°, which is derived from SiO2, is within a range of from 1.0 to 2.6, when CuK? radiation having a wavelength of 0.15406 nm is used as a radiation source; and a ratio (SH2O/SN2) of a specific surface area calculated from moisture adsorption at 298 K to a specific surface area calculated from nitrogen adsorption at 77 K is 0.60 or less.

Abstract: A negative electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery includes silicon oxide particles, each of which has carbon on at least a portion of its surface, in which: a ratio (PSi/PSiO2) of an intensity of an X-ray diffraction peak at 2? of from 27° to 29°, which is derived from Si, to an intensity of an X-ray diffraction peak at 2? of from 20° to 25°, which is derived from SiO2, is within a range of from 1.0 to 2.6, when CuK? radiation having a wavelength of 0.15406 nm is used as a radiation source; and a specific surface area calculated from carbon dioxide adsorption at 273 K is 8.5 m2/g or less.

Abstract: A negative electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery, the negative electrode active material includes silicon oxide particles, each of which has carbon on at least a portion of its surface, in which: a ratio (PSi/PSiO2) of an intensity of an X-ray diffraction peak at 2? of from 27° to 29°, which is derived from Si, to an intensity of an X-ray diffraction peak at 2? of from 20° to 25°, which is derived from SiO2, is within a range of from 1.0 to 2.6, when CuK? radiation having a wavelength of 0.15406 nm is used as a radiation source; and a specific surface area calculated from moisture adsorption at 298 K is 6.5 m2/g or less.

Abstract: A negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery including carbon over a part or a whole of a surface of an oxide of silicon, in which the content of the carbon is from 0.5 mass-% to less than 5 mass-%.

Abstract: A negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery including carbon over a part or a whole of a surface of an oxide of silicon, in which the content of the carbon is from 0.5 mass-% to less than 5 mass-%.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery includes a layer of a mixture containing graphite powder and an organic binder on a current collector, wherein a diffraction intensity ratio (002)/(110) measured by X-ray diffractometry of the layer of a mixture is 500 or less. A lithium secondary battery includes the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery, and a positive electrode that includes a lithium compound. This results in less deterioration in the rapid charge and discharge characteristics and the cycle characteristics when the density of the negative electrode is made higher, thereby providing a high capacity lithium secondary battery having the improved energy density per unit volume of the secondary battery.

Abstract: A capacitive gas sensor in which a second electrode layer made of a nano-carbon material entangled to be three-dimensionally reticulated and a gas-sensitive film are not separated from each other. A capacitive gas sensor includes a substrate; a first electrode layer formed on the substrate; a gas-sensitive film formed on the first electrode layer and having air permeability; and a second electrode layer formed on the gas-sensitive film to be opposed to the first electrode layer and made of a nano-carbon material entangled to be three-dimensionally reticulated. The capacitive gas sensor also includes a reinforcing resin layer having air permeability and disposed at least on the second electrode layer.

Abstract: A method for forming a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery, includes providing a paste comprising graphite particulates comprise assembled or bound graphite particles in each of which a plurality of flat-shaped particles are assembled or bound together so that the planes of orientation are not parallel to one another, and the mixture including 3 to 10 parts by weight of the organic binder per 100 parts by weight of the graphite particulates, a binder and a solvent, coating the paste on a current collector, drying the paste coated on the current collector to form a mixture of the graphite particulates and the binder, and integrating the mixture with the current collector by pressing to provide a density of the mixture of graphite particulates and organic binder of 1.5 to 1.9 g/cm3.

Abstract: A negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery includes a silicon oxide and having a diffraction peak attributable to Si (111) in an X-ray diffraction spectrum, in which a size of a silicon crystallite calculated from the diffraction peak is from 2.0 nm to 8.0 nm.

Abstract: A negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery including carbon over a part or a whole of a surface of an oxide of silicon, in which the content of the carbon is from 0.5 mass-% to less than 5 mass-%.

Abstract: A method for forming a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery, includes providing a paste comprising graphite particulates comprise assembled or bound graphite particles in each of which a plurality of flat-shaped particles are assembled or bound together so that the planes of orientation are not parallel to one another, and the mixture including 3 to 10 parts by weight of the organic binder per 100 parts by weight of the graphite particulates, a binder and a solvent, coating the paste on a current collector, drying the paste coated on the current collector to form a mixture of the graphite particulates and the binder, and integrating the mixture with the current collector by pressing to provide a density of the mixture of graphite particulates and organic binder of 1.5 to 1.9 g/cm3.

Abstract: A method for forming a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery, includes providing a paste comprising graphite particulates comprise assembled or bound graphite particles in each of which a plurality of flat-shaped particles are assembled or bound together so that the planes of orientation are not parallel to one another, and the mixture including 3 to 10 parts by weight of the organic binder per 100 parts by weight of the graphite particulates, a binder and a solvent, coating the paste on a current collector, drying the paste coated on the current collector to form a mixture of the graphite particulates and the binder, and integrating the mixture with the current collector by pressing to provide a density of the mixture of graphite particulates and organic binder of 1.5 to 1.9 g/cm3.