Abstract: A resist composition comprising a sulfonium salt composed of a sulfonate anion having a carbon atom to which an iodine atom is bonded and a sulfonium cation having the formula (1) exhibits a high sensitivity and reduced LWR or improved CDU.

Abstract: A disclosed molecular communication system includes a molecular transmitter configured to transmit an information molecule in which prescribed information is encoded, a molecular receiver configured to receive the information molecule, and a molecular capsule configured to carry the information molecule from the molecular transmitter to the molecular receiver. Each of the molecular transmitter, the molecular receiver, and the molecular capsule has an artificial cell membrane in which at least one kind of molecular switch is embedded, the molecular switch being responsive to an external input signal so as to control association and separation between the molecular transmitter and the molecular capsule, and association and separation between the molecular capsule and the molecular receiver, upon application of the external input signal.

Abstract: There is provided a molecular communication system capable of transmitting an information molecule in which predetermined information is encoded to a target destination under good controllability. The molecular communication system includes a molecular transmitter for transmitting the information molecule with prescribed information encoded, a molecular receiver for receiving the information molecule, and a molecule transmission channel extending between the molecular transmitter and the molecular receiver. The molecule transmission channel defines a transmission path formed of macromolecular (or polymer) materials, along which carrier molecules are circulating in a prescribed direction. The information molecule output from the molecular transmitter is loaded on the carrier molecule and carried to the molecular receiver.

Abstract: A molecular communication system includes a molecular transmitter (20) configured to transmit an information molecules (15) onto which prescribed information is encoded; a molecular receiver (30) configured to receive the information molecule, a molecule propagation channel (40) extending from the molecular transmitter to the molecular receiver, and a molecular capsule (10) configured to encapsulate the information molecules to be transmitted from the molecular transmitter to the molecular receiver, wherein the surfaces of the molecular transmitter, the molecular receiver, and the molecular capsule have lipid bilayer membrane structure, and wherein the system further includes encapsulation means for applying a first chemical substance to the molecular transmitter, or to the molecular transmitter and the molecular capsule to encapsulate the information molecules into the molecular capsule, and decapsulation means for applying a second chemical substance to the molecular capsule and the molecular receiver to ta

Abstract: A present invention provides a method for controlling roles of nodes in a network comprised of enormous nodes dynamically and distributed autonomously in such a way that the entire network can operate distributed autonomously. A method for controlling a field value u0 of node in a network comprises: a step of determining an initial value of said field value u0, and a step of updating said field value u0, the step of updating comprising: advertising said field value u0 to adjacent nodes, measuring an environment parameter ? from the environment of the node, receiving field values un of the said adjacent nodes, recording the field values un, calculating a new field value u0 from the field value u0, the field values un of the adjacent nodes and the environment parameter ? in such a way that field values of nodes whose environment parameter ? are within a constant range agree with given distribution, deleting the previous field value u0, and recording said new field value u0.

Abstract: A molecule transfer and delivery system includes a loading zone (50) for loading a targeted cargo molecule (30) on a carrier molecule (20) making use of a hybridization nature of nucleotides, and an unloading zone (40) for unloading the targeted cargo molecule from the carrier molecule making use of the strand exchange nature of the nucleotides. Towing nucleotide chains including the first single-stranded nucleotides (21) with the first length are bound to the carrier molecule, and the second single-stranded nucleotides (31) with the second length longer than the first length are bound to the targeted cargo molecule. The third single-stranded nucleotides (41) with the same length as the second single-stranded nucleotides are bound to the unloading zone.

Abstract: A present invention provides a method for controlling roles of nodes in a network comprised of enormous nodes dynamically and distributed autonomously in such a way that the entire network can operate distributed autonomously. A method for controlling a field value u0 of node in a network comprises: a step of determining an initial value of said field value u0, and a step of updating said field value u0, the step of updating comprising: advertising said field value u0 to adjacent nodes, measuring an environment parameter ? from the environment of the node, receiving field values un of the said adjacent nodes, recording the field values un, calculating a new field value u0 from the field value u0, the field values un of the adjacent nodes and the environment parameter ? in such a way that field values of nodes whose environment parameter ? are within a constant range agree with given distribution, deleting the previous field value u0, and recording said new field value u0.

Abstract: A molecule transfer and delivery system includes a loading zone (50) for loading a targeted cargo molecule (30) on a carrier molecule (20) making use of a hybridization nature of nucleotides, and an unloading zone (40) for unloading the targeted cargo molecule from the carrier molecule making use of the strand exchange nature of the nucleotides. Towing nucleotide chains including the first single-stranded nucleotides (21) with the first length are bound to the carrier molecule, and the second single-stranded nucleotides (31) with the second length longer than the first length are bound to the targeted cargo molecule. The third single-stranded nucleotides (41) with the same length as the second single-stranded nucleotides are bound to the unloading zone.

Abstract: There is provided a molecular communication system capable of transmitting an information molecule in which predetermined information is encoded to a target destination under good controllability. The molecular communication system includes a molecular transmitter for transmitting the information molecule with prescribed information encoded, a molecular receiver for receiving the information molecule, and a molecule transmission channel extending between the molecular transmitter and the molecular receiver. The molecule transmission channel defines a transmission path formed of macromolecular (or polymer) materials, along which carrier molecules are circulating in a prescribed direction. The information molecule output from the molecular transmitter is loaded on the carrier molecule and carried to the molecular receiver.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing a nucleotide-labeled microtubule includes causing a microtubule which is stabilized after polymerization to react with a chemical crosslinking agent which has succinimide and maleimide and nucleotides which have a thiolated 3? end or 5? end to synthesize a microtubule-chemical crosslinking agent-nucleotide complex.

Abstract: A disclosed molecular communication system includes a molecular transmitter configured to transmit an information molecule in which prescribed information is encoded, a molecular receiver configured to receive the information molecule, and a molecular capsule configured to carry the information molecule from the molecular transmitter to the molecular receiver. Each of the molecular transmitter, the molecular receiver, and the molecular capsule has an artificial cell membrane in which at least one kind of molecular switch is embedded, the molecular switch being responsive to an external input signal so as to control association and separation between the molecular transmitter and the molecular capsule, and association and separation between the molecular capsule and the molecular receiver, upon application of the external input signal.

Abstract: A molecular communication system includes a molecular transmitter (20) configured to transmit an information molecules (15) onto which prescribed information is encoded; a molecular receiver (30) configured to receive the information molecule, a molecule propagation channel (40) extending from the molecular transmitter to the molecular receiver, and a molecular capsule (10) configured to encapsulate the information molecules to be transmitted from the molecular transmitter to the molecular receiver, wherein the surfaces of the molecular transmitter, the molecular receiver, and the molecular capsule have lipid bilayer membrane structure, and wherein the system further includes encapsulation means for applying a first chemical substance to the molecular transmitter, or to the molecular transmitter and the molecular capsule to encapsulate the information molecules into the molecular capsule, and decapsulation means for applying a second chemical substance to the molecular capsule and the molecular receiver to ta