Abstract: A counter reflecting surface is provided opposite to a light emitting element in its light emitting surface. A side reflecting member having an inclined reflecting surface is provided apart from and so as to surround the light emitting element. A phosphor layer is provided on the counter reflecting surface and the reflecting surface of the side reflecting member.

Abstract: A light emitting diode has: a ceramics substrate that has a high thermal conductivity; a light emitting element that is mounted on the ceramics substrate; and a radiation plate that is bonded to the back surface of the ceramics substrate. The radiation plate contacts the ceramics substrate at a contact region that includes a region of the back surface of the ceramics substrate corresponding to a region of the ceramics substrate on which the light emitting element is mounted.

Abstract: In a light emitting diode, a blue light emitting element is mounted on a base having a cup through a phosphor-containing mount so that the light emitting element is located within the cup and is mounted on the bottom of the cup through the phosphor-containing mount. The light emitting diode includes a light emitting element and a p electrode. By virtue of the above construction, blue light emitted from the light emitting element can be reflected from the lower surface of the p electrode without being radiated directly from the upper surface of the light emitting element to the outside of the light emitting diode. As a result, the blue light emitted from the light emitting element can be efficiently mixed with yellow light given off from the phosphor in the phosphor-containing mount to provide white light which is radiated to the outside of the light emitting diode with high efficiency.

Abstract: A light emitting diode has: a ceramics substrate that has a high thermal conductivity; a light emitting element that is mounted on the ceramics substrate; and a radiation plate that is bonded to the back surface of the ceramics substrate. The radiation plate contacts the ceramics substrate at a contact region that includes a region of the back surface of the ceramics substrate corresponding to a region of the ceramics substrate on which the light emitting element is mounted.

Abstract: In a light emitting diode, a blue light emitting element is mounted on a base having a cup through a phosphor-containing mount so that the light emitting element is located within the cup and is mounted on the bottom of the cup through the phosphor-containing mount. The light emitting diode includes a light emitting element and a p electrode. By virtue of the above construction, blue light emitted from the light emitting element can be reflected from the lower surface of the p electrode without being radiated directly from the upper surface of the light emitting element to the outside of the light emitting diode. As a result, the blue light emitted from the light emitting element can be efficiently mixed with yellow light given off from the phosphor in the phosphor-containing mount to provide white light which is radiated to the outside of the light emitting diode with high efficiency.

Abstract: A counter reflecting surface is provided opposite to a light emitting element in its light emitting surface. A side reflecting member having an inclined reflecting surface is provided apart from and so as to surround the light emitting element. A phosphor layer is provided on the counter reflecting surface and the reflecting surface of the side reflecting member.

Abstract: A microporous polyolefin membrane made of a polyolefin composition containing 1 weight % or more of an ultra-high-molecular-weight polyolefin having a weight-average molecular weight of 7.times.10.sup.5 or more and having a weight-average molecular weight/number-average molecular weight ratio of 10-300, the microporous membrane having a thickness of 0.1-25 .mu.m, a porosity of 35-95%, an average pore diameter of 0.001-0.2 .mu.m and a breaking strength of 0.2 kg or more per 15 mm width is produced by (a) preparing a solution comprising 10-50 weight % of the polyolefin composition and 50-90 weight % of a solvent; (b) extruding the solution through a die; (c) cooling the extruded solution to form a gel-like article; (d) stretching the gel-like article at a temperature equal to or lower than a melting point of the polyolefin composition +10.degree. C; and (e) removing the remaining solvent.