Abstract: A packing member, a toner container, and a packing method. The packing member contains the toner container, and the packing member includes a box containing the toner container with a gap between one side of the box and a container body and between the one side of the box and a large-dimension portion of the toner container, a first pressing portion that presses the container body, and a second pressing portion that presses the large-dimension portion. In the packing member, the large-dimension portion of the toner container is disposed at one end of the container body, and the large-dimension portion has a wider dimension than the container body in a direction orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the toner container. In the packing member, the container body contacts, with first contact force, a first bearer inside the box to maintain the gap.

Abstract: An ozone generator includes one or more electrode pairs each containing two electrodes arranged at a distance of a predetermined gap length and a power source for applying an alternating-current voltage between the two electrodes. In the ozone generator, ozone is produced when a source gas flows at least between the two electrodes and a discharge is generated between the two electrodes. The ozone generator has a discharge space formed between the two electrodes, and the ozone generator satisfies the condition of 0.5<V/f/L wherein V (m/s) represents a flow velocity of the source gas flowing through the discharge space, f (Hz) represents a frequency of the alternating-current voltage, and L (m) represents a length of the discharge space in the main flow direction of the source gas.

Abstract: An ozone generator includes one or more electrode pairs each containing two electrodes arranged at a distance of a predetermined gap length and a power source for applying an alternating-current voltage between the two electrodes. In the ozone generator, ozone is produced when a source gas flows at least between the two electrodes and a discharge is generated between the two electrodes. The ozone generator has a discharge space formed between the two electrodes, and the ozone generator satisfies the condition of 0.5<V/f/L wherein V (m/s) represents a flow velocity of the source gas flowing through the discharge space, f (Hz) represents a frequency of the alternating-current voltage, and L (m) represents a length of the discharge space in the main flow direction of the source gas.

Abstract: A first electrode structural body includes a plurality of electrode pairs. Of a plurality of electrodes forming the plurality of electrode pairs, at least one electrode forms a common electrode common to the plurality of electrode pairs.

Abstract: An ozone generator includes a housing having an internal cavity and a plurality of electrode pairs located in the internal cavity. The electrode pairs each contain two electrodes arranged at a distance of a predetermined gap length, and a discharge space is formed between the two electrodes, whereby ozone is produced when a source gas flows at least between the two electrodes and a discharge is generated between the two electrodes. The ozone generator has a non-discharge portion in an arbitrary cross-section having a normal direction parallel to a main flow direction of the source gas in the internal cavity.

Abstract: An ozone generator includes a transformer, a direct current power supply unit connected to a primary side of the transformer, a reactor connected to a secondary side of the transformer, a semiconductor switch connected between one end of a primary winding of the transformer and the direct current power supply unit, and a control circuit for implementing ON-OFF control of the semiconductor switch at a set switching frequency to thereby apply a voltage to the reactor. The interior of the reactor is set to conditions for making it easy to generate an electric discharge therein.

Abstract: An ozone generator includes a transformer, a direct current power supply unit connected to a primary side of the transformer, a reactor connected to a secondary side of the transformer, a semiconductor switch connected between at least one end of a primary winding of the transformer and the direct current power supply unit, and a control circuit for implementing ON-OFF control of the semiconductor switch to thereby apply alternating current voltage to the reactor. The control circuit implements control of a frequency of the alternating current voltage applied to the reactor, so as to minimize electric signal on the primary side of the transformer.

Abstract: An ozone generator includes a transformer, a direct current power supply unit connected to a primary side of the transformer, a reactor connected to a secondary side of the transformer, a semiconductor switch connected between one end of a primary winding of the transformer and the direct current power supply unit, and a control circuit for implementing ON-OFF control of the semiconductor switch to thereby apply alternating current voltage to the reactor. The control circuit implements control to minimize electric signal on the primary side of the transformer by updating a switching frequency by a fixed change width from a reference frequency, and determines that a failure has occurred if the number of updates by the fixed change width exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: An ozone generator includes one or more electrode pairs, wherein the electrode pairs each contain two electrodes arranged at a distance of a predetermined gap length, and ozone is produced when a source gas flows at least between the two electrodes of the electrode pair and a discharge is generated between the two electrodes. One of the two electrodes is located on an upstream side of the source gas and another is located on a downstream side of the source gas. A direction from the one electrode toward the other electrode is inclined with respect to a supply direction of the source gas.

Abstract: An ozone generator includes a housing having an internal cavity and a plurality of electrode pairs located in the internal cavity. The electrode pairs each contain two electrodes arranged at a distance of a predetermined gap length, and a discharge space is formed between the two electrodes, whereby ozone is produced when a source gas flows at least between the two electrodes and a discharge is generated between the two electrodes. The ozone generator has a non-discharge portion in an arbitrary cross-section having a normal direction parallel to a main flow direction of the source gas in the internal cavity.

Abstract: An electrode structural body includes a first electrode and a second electrode, and further includes a first retainer and a second retainer for fixing the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are separated from each other, their axial directions being parallel to each other. The first electrode contains a first insulating body having a first hollow portion and a first conducting body located in the first hollow portion. The second electrode contains a second insulating body having a second hollow portion and a second conducting body located in the second hollow portion. At least in the first electrode, at least one end surface of the first conducting body is positioned inside the first hollow portion at a distance from one end surface of the first insulating body.

Abstract: An ozone generator includes one or more electrode pairs each containing two electrodes arranged at a distance of a predetermined gap length and a power source for applying an alternating-current voltage between the two electrodes. In the ozone generator, ozone is produced when a source gas flows at least between the two electrodes and a discharge is generated between the two electrodes. The ozone generator has a discharge space formed between the two electrodes, and the ozone generator satisfies the condition of 0.5<V/f/L wherein V (m/s) represents a flow velocity of the source gas flowing through the discharge space, f (Hz) represents a frequency of the alternating-current voltage, and L (m) represents a length of the discharge space in the main flow direction of the source gas.

Abstract: An ozone generator includes one or more electrode pairs each containing two electrodes arranged at a distance of a predetermined gap length. In the ozone generator, ozone is produced when a source gas flows at least between the two electrodes and a discharge is generated between the two electrodes. Each electrode contains a tubular dielectric body having a hollow portion and a conductive body disposed in the hollow portion. The gap length is less than 1.0 mm.

Abstract: A distance from a negative output terminal of a secondary winding of the transformer to a feeding terminal of the cathode plate is longer than a distance from a positive output terminal of the secondary winding to a feeding terminal of the anode. The anode side feeding path electrically connects the feeding terminal of the anode bar to the positive output terminal of the secondary winding. The cathode side feeding path electrically connects the feeding terminal of the cathode plate to the negative output terminal of the secondary winding. A path length of the cathode side feeding path is longer than a path length of the anode side feeding path. The housing is formed by an electric conductor and is electrically connected to the cathode side feeding path.

Abstract: A DC source generates a DC voltage between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. An inductive element and a parallel-connected switch-circuits unit are provided in a conductive path extending from the positive electrode to the negative electrode. The parallel-connected switch-circuits unit includes a plurality of switch circuits connected in parallel with one another. The switch circuit opens and closes the conductive path in accordance with a drive signal inputted from a drive circuit. The drive signal causes the plurality of switch circuits to successively perform an ON operation in which the conductive path is closed and then opened. A pulse voltage generation period in which a pulse voltage occurs in the inductive element continuously follows an ON period which is a duration from when the conductive path is closed to when the conductive path is opened.

Abstract: A semiconductor switching device having a switch circuit is disposed in an environment having a relatively low temperature, with a transformer disposed in an environment having a relatively high temperature. A conduction path extends from a first DC input terminal to a second DC input terminal. An inductor is inserted in a section from a first branch to a second branch in the conduction path, and the switch circuit is inserted in a portion other than the section of the conduction path. A first transmission wire of a transmission line electrically connects the first branch and a first input terminal of a primary winding to each other. A second transmission wire of the transmission line electrically connects the second branch and a second input terminal of the primary winding to each other, and where the excitation inductance of the primary winding is higher than the excitation inductance of the inductor.

Abstract: A distance from a negative output terminal of a secondary winding of the transformer to a feeding terminal of the cathode plate is longer than a distance from a positive output terminal of the secondary winding to a feeding terminal of the anode. The anode side feeding path electrically connects the feeding terminal of the anode bar to the positive output terminal of the secondary winding. The cathode side feeding path electrically connects the feeding terminal of the cathode plate to the negative output terminal of the secondary winding. A path length of the cathode side feeding path is longer than a path length of the anode side feeding path. The housing is formed by an electric conductor and is electrically connected to the cathode side feeding path.

Abstract: The semiconductor switching device of a switch circuit is disposed in an environment having a relatively low temperature, and a transformer is disposed in an environment having a relatively high temperature. A conduction path extends from a first DC input terminal to a second DC input terminal. An inductor is inserted in a section from a first branch to a second branch in the conduction path, and the switch circuit is inserted in a portion other than the section of the conduction path. A first transmission wire of a transmission line electrically connects the first branch and a first input terminal of a primary winding to each other. A second transmission wire of the transmission line electrically connects the second branch and a second input terminal of the primary winding to each other. The excitation inductance of the primary winding is higher than the excitation inductance of the inductor.

Abstract: A DC source generates a DC voltage between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. An inductive element and a parallel-connected switch-circuits unit are provided in a conductive path extending from the positive electrode to the negative electrode. The parallel-connected switch-circuits unit includes a plurality of switch circuits connected in parallel with one another. The switch circuit opens and closes the conductive path in accordance with a drive signal inputted from a drive circuit. The drive signal causes the plurality of switch circuits to successively perform an ON operation in which the conductive path is closed and then opened. A pulse voltage generation period in which a pulse voltage occurs in the inductive element continuously follows an ON period which is a duration from when the conductive path is closed to when the conductive path is opened.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a DLC film formed body in which peeling-off of a DLC film is suppressed. In manufacturing a DLC film formed body having a film hardness of 10 GPa or more, prior to the formation of the DLC film, a surface of a base is pretreated with a discharge plasma and a silicon carbide film being an interlayer is formed on the surface of the base. The surface of the base is pretreated by supplying an inside of the chamber with a gas mixture obtained by mixing 1 part by volume or more and 10 parts by volume or less of argon gas into 100 parts by volume of helium gas while adjusting a pressure inside of the chamber in which the base is housed to 20 hPa or higher and an atmospheric pressure or lower, and generating a discharge plasma in the mixed.