Abstract: A thermostat device ensures a coolant amount from a bypass passage sufficiently and excellent temperature sensitivity to the coolant temperature. The thermo-operating unit is provided with a control valve for controlling an introduced coolant amount from a first flow inlet via a radiator, corresponding to the temperature of the coolant from a second flow inlet via a bypass passage. Within the housing are provided multiple guides, which are formed extending from the second flow inlet side toward a thermo-element, are arranged intermittently around the thermo-element, and support the thermo-element slidably movable in an axial direction and coolant rectifying protrusions arranged spaced apart from the thermo-element between the guides, wherein a detoured passage for the coolant, directed from the second flow inlet side toward an outflow port, is formed by forming gaps between the guides and the coolant rectifying protrusions.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of detecting IgG4 and Smad1 in a biological sample from a subject with onset or a risk of onset of diabetic nephropathy.

Abstract: A thermostat device ensures a coolant amount from a bypass passage sufficiently and excellent temperature sensitivity to the coolant temperature. The thermo-operating unit is provided with a control valve for controlling an introduced coolant amount from a first flow inlet via a radiator, corresponding to the temperature of the coolant from a second flow inlet via a bypass passage. Within the housing are provided multiple guides, which are formed extending from the second flow inlet side toward a thermo-element, are arranged intermittently around the thermo-element, and support the thermo-element slidably movable in an axial direction and coolant rectifying protrusions arranged spaced apart from the thermo-element between the guides, wherein a detoured passage for the coolant, directed from the second flow inlet side toward an outflow port, is formed by forming gaps between the guides and the coolant rectifying protrusions.

Abstract: The thermostat device includes a housing including a first flow inlet that receives a coolant from a radiator, a second flow inlet that receives a coolant through a bypass passage, and a flow outlet of coolant in which each coolant is mixed; a thermo-element that is accommodated in the housing and moves in an axial direction depending on a temperature of the coolant from the second flow inlet; a control valve that controls amount of the coolant introduced from the first flow inlet as the thermo-element moves; a valve seat that is formed at a tip portion of an annular protrusion formed to protrude in a moving axis direction of the thermo-element in the housing and with which the control valve is in contact in a valve-closed state; and an annular groove formed by an annular gap provided outside of the valve seat and continuous in a circumferential direction.

Abstract: A thermostat device is provided that smoothens the flow of the coolant to keep the pressure loss small and can sufficiently secure the flow rate of the coolant from the radiator side to the engine side. A housing having a first inlet for introducing a coolant cooled by a radiator and a coolant outlet supplied to the internal combustion engine, a thermo-element accommodated in the housing that moves axially depending on the temperature of the coolant, a control valve that controls the amount of coolant introduced from the first inlet as the thermoelement moves in the axial direction, and a slope having an upward slope from the outlet side to the valve seat side inside the exit-side conduit extending from the valve seat in the housing, wherein the control valve is in contact with in the valve-closed state, toward the flow outlet of the coolant, are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a test method which enables specific diagnosis of early-stage pathology of diabetic nephropathy. There is provided a method of detecting onset or a risk of onset of diabetic nephropathy, comprising measuring IgG4 in a biological sample derived from a subject. This method may further comprise measuring Smad1 in the biological sample derived from the subject. Preferably, both IgG4 and Smad1 are measured.

Abstract: The present invention provides a drug capable of preventing or treating diabetic nephropathy. The present invention relates to a prophylactic and/or therapeutic drug for diabetic nephropathy, comprising a RAR? agonist as an active ingredient. The present invention also provides a prophylactic and/or therapeutic drug for renal anemia; a drug inhibiting the expression of type IV collagen in mesangial cells; a drug inhibiting the expression of BMP4 in mesangial cells; and a drug inhibiting fibrosis in the renal tubulointerstitium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a drug capable of preventing or treating diabetic nephropathy. The present invention relates to a prophylactic and/or therapeutic drug for diabetic nephropathy, comprising a RAR? agonist as an active ingredient. The present invention also provides a prophylactic and/or therapeutic drug for renal anemia; a drug inhibiting the expression of type IV collagen in mesangial cells; a drug inhibiting the expression of BMP4 in mesangial cells; and a drug inhibiting fibrosis in the renal tubulointerstitium.