Abstract: The disclosure relates to a fuel cell including a solid electrolyte layer disposed on a separator plate. Another separator plate positioned adjacent the separator plate mounting the solid electrolyte layer are joined to a surface of the first separator plate to form an electrode separator assembly having a chamber between the joined separator plates. Working fluids may be supplied to or exhausted from the chamber through openings in fluid communication. A porous support member may be positioned within the chamber. The first separator plate and the porous support member may include a multiplicity of ribs defining channels in fluid communication with the chamber.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack structure is basically provided with a stack entity and at least one tie rod. The stack entity includes a plurality of solid electrolyte fuel cell units stacked together in a stacking direction. The tie rod extends through the stack entity to fasten the solid electrolyte fuel cell units so that the solid electrolyte fuel cell units are pressed against each other in the stacking direction. The tie rod has an outer cylinder, an inner shaft fitting into the outer cylinder, and a fixing member that fastens the outer cylinder and the inner shaft together in an axial direction of the tie rod.

Abstract: A fuel cell of the present invention includes a stack structure composed by stacking a plurality of solid oxide fuel cell units with current collectors. Each of the fuel cell unit includes: a cell plate which holds at least one cell and has a gas introduction hole for one of fuel gas and air in a center portion thereof; and a separator plate which has a gas introduction hole for the one of the fuel gas and the air in a center portion thereof and makes an outer peripheral edge thereof entirely bonded to an outer peripheral edge of the cell plate. The fuel cell further includes a casing which houses the stack structure, includes a gas introduction portion and a gas discharge portion, and introduces the other of the fuel gas and the air thereinto from the gas introduction portion and flows the other gas to the gas discharge portion.

Abstract: A reception apparatus includes a plurality of channel estimation devices and a RAKE combiner. A reception signal is obtained in accordance with one of the channel estimation devices which estimates a channel more accurately. The reception apparatus further includes a bit error rate calculator, a CRC checker, or an error calculator for symbol decision.

Abstract: The total energy of a signal that has entered from a telephone line is detected before the signal is applied to an AGC circuit. After the signal is applied to the AGC circuit, the energy of a DTMF signal, which comprises one frequency from four high group frequencies and one frequency from four low group frequencies, is detected through a band-elimination filter having a short energy-propagation delay time with respect to pass-band frequencies. By detecting the DTMF signal based upon the detected energies, detection of the DTMF signal can be performed in a short period of time and erroneous detection can be suppressed.

Abstract: A digital communication device of the present invention is provided with a modulation circuit for modulating a digital transmit signal, a first interpolater for converting the modulated signal in frequency, a coding circuit for coding the signal converted in frequency into an audio PCM transmission code with reference to a voice companding code table, a decoding circuit for decoding a coded audio PCM receive code into a digital signal with reference to the voice companding code table, a second interpolater for converting the decoded digital signal in frequency, and a demodulation circuit for demodulating the converted signal, and digitally performs modem modulation/demodulation and voice codec processing.

Abstract: A receiver arranged in such a manner such that when a variation is detected in the level of a receiving signal, wherein the variation occurs due to an instant break of a line or the like, and thus the updating or equalization characteristics of an equalizer is stopped by setting a convergence factor to 0, if the level of the receiving signal recovers, thereby causing the equalization error to become small, the convergence factor is switched to a predetermined value so that updating of the equalization characteristics starts.

Abstract: A current optimal gain can be calculated directly from an effective value of an input signal by increasing the speed of the initial response without using a feedback loop, in a manner such that a mean power of the input signal and the square-root of the mean power are calculated as an inverse of the effective value, and the input signal is multiplied by the product of this inverse of the number and predetermined effective value.

Abstract: An adaptive type automatic equalizer is provided with a mean square error detection circuit including a square circuit 119 for squaring the absolute value of an equalization error, and a low-pass filter 120. A comparator 102 compares the detection value of the detection circuit with a predetermined threshold value .lambda.. When the detection value is larger than the threshold value, the type of the adaptive type automatic equalizer is switched from normal equalization to blind equalization. Even when the adaptive type automatic equalizer diverges, it can be controlled to converge again. When a level change amount detector 101 for detecting a level change amount received from a line at an input point detects a level change exceeding a predetermined level, a timer A 119 measures the duration time of the level change. When the measured duration exceeds a predetermined period of time, the timer switches a switch 124 to shift an equalization mode from normal equalization to blind equalization.

Abstract: In an image communication system capable of performing communication at a plurality of transmission speeds, a transmission-side apparatus transmits a line condition check signal (a TCF signal of the CCITT facsimile recommendation T30, or the like) for determining a transmission speed prior to communication of image data. A reception-side apparatus determines an optimal transmission speed on the basis of a reception state of the line condition check signal (a square error accumulation value, an error count result, or the like in an equalizer of a reception-side modem), and informs the determined transmission speed or a fall-up or fall-down instruction of a transmission speed to a necessary step to the transmission-side apparatus. The optimal transmission speed according to a line condition can be set within a very short period of time.

Abstract: A received alternate pattern segment is demodulated by a DEM (13), and a power of a demodulated baseband signal is calculated by a power calculator (15). The calculated power is multiplied with a predetermined constant .alpha. by a constant multiplier (16). A power of a signal obtained by removing a frequency component (1/2) the baud rate frequency from the baseband signal output from a BEF (14) is calculated by a power calculator (15'). An adder/subtracter (17) compares the powers by subtracting the two signals, and the sign of the comparison result is discriminated by a sign discriminator (19), thereby detecting an alternate pattern segment and the start point of a pseudo pattern sequence. Furthermore, a count value of a counter (110) is monitored, and when a detection state of an alternate pattern segment continues for a predetermined period of time, it is determined that an alternate pattern segment is detected in practice.

Abstract: This invention relates to a model apparatus equipped with an equalizer having a transversal filter and adapted so that equalizing characteristics can be set automatically at the time of data communication. A predetermined amount of received training data is stored in memory, the training data stored in intervals between receipt of the training data is read out of the memory, and tap gains of the transversal filter are computed and set in dependence upon the read data, thereby controlling the equalizing characteristics of the equalizer. A mirror image of a past jitter component from the equalizer output obtained before the present point in time is formed by folding over the jitter component at the present point in time. By using the mirror image as a prediction portion, an approaching jitter component is predicted and the equalizing characteristics of the equalizer are controlled so as to cancel out the predicted jitter component. Jitter component removal processing is started by such control.

Abstract: A signal modulated by original data is received and demodulated to output demodulated data. A number representing the correspondence of the original data with the outputted demodulated data or the lack of correspondence of the original data with the outputted demodulated data is counted. The count result representative of the suitability of the reception state of the receiver is outputted to a data processing circuit.

Abstract: An image communication apparatus has a detector for detecting if the length of a text sheet to be transmitted is greater than the length of a cut record sheet in a receiving unit, and inform means for informing the transmission of the text sheet in a division mode in accordance with a detection signal from the detection means.

Abstract: An image communications apparatus divides a long-size original image into a standard-size image portion and a remaining image portion in a transmission mode, and in recording a received long-size original image divides it into a standard-size image portion and a remaining image portion in a reception mode. When the apparatus divides the long-size original image into a standard-size image, a portion of the original image at which division is performed is set to be a blank portion by controlling information of the original image so that partial split image in a printed paper can be prevented.