Abstract: The present invention provides novel cyclic amide derivatives having activity for protecting against the ultraviolet rays, activity for scavenging active oxygen species and activity for inhibiting the formation of lipid peroxides, which is represented by the following general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.2 is a hydroxyl group, a lower alkenyloxy group, a phenyl-lower alkenyloxy group, a cycloalkenyloxy group, a tetrahydropyranyloxy group, a pyridyloxy group, or a lower alkanoyloxy group which may have carboxyl group(s).

Abstract: Disclosed is carbostyril derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a halogen, a hydroxyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, lower alkenyloxy, amino, lower-alkanoyl amino or lower alkylthio group, R.sup.2 is a phenyl group which may optionally have one or two substituents, A is a lower alkylene group, and n is an integer of 1 or 2 and wherein the carbon-carbon bond between the positions 3 and 4 of the carbostyril skeleton may be a single bond or a double bond, and salts thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same for use as a disturbance-of-consciousness improving agent, central nervous system stimulant or sigma receptor agonist.

Abstract: The present invention provides a disturbance-of-consciousness improving agent which is a highly effective and quick remedy and which can be administered orally. The disturbance-of-consciousness improving agent of the invention contains a sigma receptor agonist compound as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Dihydropyridine derivatives and salts thereof represented by the general formula, ##STR1## which possess excellent calcium antagonist effect, hypotensive effect, platelets aggregation inhibitory effect, phosphodiesterase inhibitory effect, calmodulin inhibitory effect and peroxidized lipid lowering effect, and thus dihydropyridine derivatives and salts thereof are useful as a coronary blood flow improving agent such as coronary vasodilator, hypotensive agent, prophylaxis and treating agents for thrombosis, phosphodiesterase inhibitory agent, peroxidized lipid metabolism lowering agent, anti-inflammatory agent and others.

Abstract: There is disclosed a biphenyl derivative of the formula (B): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.c are as defined or its salt, a composition for nerve cell degeneration repairing or protecting agent containing a phenyl derivative selected from compounds (1) to (4) and (B) as defined, and a process for preparing a phenyl derivative contained in the composition.

Abstract: Dihydropyridine derivatives and salts thereof represented by the general formula, ##STR1## which possess excellent calcium antagonist effect, hypotensive effect, platelets aggregation inhibitory effect, phosphodiesterase inhibitory effect, calmodulin inhibitory effect and peroxidized lipid lowering effect, and thus dihydropyridine derivatives and salts thereof are useful as a coronary blood flow improving agent such as coronary vasodilator, hypotensive agent, prophylaxis and treating agents for thrombosis, phophodiesterase inhibitory agent, peroxidized lipid metabolism lowering agent, anti-inflammatory agent and others.

Abstract: Novel hydrofluorene derivatives and salts thereof represented by the formula (1) which possess excellent activities for improving anoxemic and hypoxic symptoms and syndromes accompanied therewith, therefore said derivatives are useful as cerebral activators, preventive agents for arrhythmia and heart failure caused by the shortage of oxygen and others. Furthermore, said hydrofluorene derivatives and salts thereof possess actions for scavenging active oxygen radicals, therefore, the derivatives are useful prophylactic and treating agents for various disturbances and diseases caused by the excessive formation of active oxygen radicals. In addition to the above, the hydrofluorene derivatives are useful as anti-oxidative agents for fats and oils.

Abstract: Carbostyril derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, having excellent platelate aggregation inhibitory effect, calcium antagonism, hypotensive effect and phosphodiesterase inhibitory effect are useful as prophylactic or treating agents for thrombosis, circulation improving agents for coronary blood flow such as coronary vasodilators, hypotensive agents and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Furthermore, the carbostyril derivatives are weak in heart rate increasing activity and also in cardiac muscle contraction increasing activity, and the carbostyril derivatives are useful agents for curing and treating heart diseases such as cardiac angina and myocardial infarction caused by hypercoagulability of the platelets. Processes are disclosed for preparation of the carbostyril derivatives.

Abstract: Novel carbostyril derivative and its salt represented by the general formula (1), ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group or a phenyl-lower alkyl group; R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a group of the formula ##STR2## wherein A is a lower alkylene group; R.sup.3 is a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy-lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyloxy-lower alkyl group or a benzoyloxy-lower alkyl group; and R.sup.4 is a C.sub.3-10 -cycloalkyl group which may have at least one hydroxyl group as the substituent(s) in the cycloalkyl ring, a C.sub.3-10 -cycloalkyl-lower alkyl group, a phenyl group, a phenyl-lower alkyl group which may have at least one lower alkoxy group as the substituent(s) in the phenyl ring, a lower alkyl group which may have at least one hydroxyl group as the substituent(s), a heterocyclic ring residue or a lower alkyl group having one heterocyclic ring residue as the substituent; further, R.sup.3, R.sup.