Abstract: A communication device including a communicator and a communication controller is provided. The communicator has at least two communication ranges including a short communication range and a long communication range longer than the short communication range. The communication controller permits the communicator to perform communication with a terminal present in the short communication range regardless of a priority level of the terminal. The communication controller permits the communicator to perform communication with a terminal present in the long communication range and out of the short communication range when a priority level of the terminal is higher than a predetermined priority level.

Abstract: A vehicle control apparatus includes: a first communicator that has a communication range outside a vehicle and communicates with a portable communication terminal by a predetermined first wireless communication system; a second communicator that has a communication range in a vehicle compartment of the vehicle and communicates with the portable communication terminal by a second wireless communication system; a first authenticator that receives identification information from the portable communication terminal; a second authenticator that receives identification information from the portable communication terminal; a determinator that determines that the portable communication terminal exists within a predetermined range outside the vehicle, and determines that the portable communication terminal exists in the vehicle compartment of the vehicle; and a controller that permits or causes an electronic control device controlling an action of the vehicle to perform a predetermined action.

Abstract: A vehicle control apparatus includes: a first communicator that has a communication range outside a vehicle and communicates with a portable communication terminal by a predetermined first wireless communication system; a second communicator that has a communication range in a vehicle compartment of the vehicle and communicates with the portable communication terminal by a second wireless communication system; a first authenticator that receives identification information from the portable communication terminal; a second authenticator that receives identification information from the portable communication terminal; a determinator that determines that the portable communication terminal exists within a predetermined range outside the vehicle, and determines that the portable communication terminal exists in the vehicle compartment of the vehicle; and a controller that permits or causes an electronic control device controlling an action of the vehicle to perform a predetermined action.

Abstract: A communication device including a communicator and a communication controller is provided. The communicator has at least two communication ranges including a short communication range and a long communication range longer than the short communication range. The communication controller permits the communicator to perform communication with a terminal present in the short communication range regardless of a priority level of the terminal. The communication controller permits the communicator to perform communication with a terminal present in the long communication range and out of the short communication range when a priority level of the terminal is higher than a predetermined priority level.

Abstract: A secondary device receives an instruction message accompanied by a counted value and compares the received counted value with a counted value stored in an internal memory. Thus, it is determined whether the currently received instruction message is the same as a previously received instruction message and an execution of a process based on the previous instruction message was completed. When the received instruction message is not the same, the secondary device transmits a response message after executing a process according to the received instruction message. In contrast, when the instruction message is the same, the secondary device transmits a response message based on a process history in the internal memory without executing the process according to the received instruction message.

Abstract: In a remote control system, a remote ECU as a primary device can transmit, to a secondary device, an instruction message for ordering an execution of a process in a state where a response method according to the content of the process can be specified. The secondary device which receives the instruction message can transmit a response message to the primary device according to the response method specified in the instruction message while executing the corresponding process. That is, the secondary device can transmit the response message in the pattern according to the convenience of the primary device. The response message can be designed to indicate the response method not to transmit a response message unnecessary for the primary device to prevent an unnecessary response message from being transmitted. Communication loads can be decreased on the network; the response of the secondary device can be enhanced to the instruction from the primary device.

Abstract: A secondary device receives an instruction message accompanied by a counted value and compares the received counted value with a counted value stored in an internal memory. Thus, it is determined whether the currently received instruction message is the same as a previously received instruction message and an execution of a process based on the previous instruction message was completed. When the received instruction message is not the same, the secondary device transmits a response message after executing a process according to the received instruction message. In contrast, when the instruction message is the same, the secondary device transmits a response message based on a process history in the internal memory without executing the process according to the received instruction message.

Abstract: The present invention provides a layered electrophotographic element which comprises an electroconductive support on which there is a charge generating layer and a charge transfer layer in order, said charge generating layer being consisted essentially of a charge generating agent expressed by the general formula I ##STR1## [wherein A represents ##STR2## (wherein X is selected from the group consisting of benzene ring, naphthalene ring, indole ring, carbazole ring, benzofuran ring and substitutes thereof, Ar.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of benzene ring, naphthalene ring, dibenzofuran ring, carbazole ring and substitutes thereof, Ar.sub.2 and Ar.sub.3 are selected from the group consisting of benzene ring, naphthalene ring and substitutes thereof, R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl group, phenyl group and substitutes thereof and R.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic process for producing copied images by repeating the respective steps of at least charging a layered photoconductor having a carrier generation layer and a carrier transport layer, in that order, on a light-transmissible electroconductive support, effecting image-wise exposure by way of one side of said layered photoconductor and developing subsequent thereto, in which the occurrence of stains on the ground of the image is minimized by uniformly applying light in an amount of exposure sufficient for substantially eliminating the residual potential resulting from said image-wise exposure by way of the other side of the layered photoconductor either simultaneously with the image-wise exposure or in the course of from the image-wise exposure to the development.