Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for converting a frequency of a coherent light source. A birefringent nonlinear material is cut at an angle for critical phase matching to form a rectangular parallelepiped biased nonlinear crystal. The nonlinear crystal cut at a biased angle can be placed at an angle in a coherent light beam to enable the beam to be directed through the crystal over a substantially optimal phase matching path while minimizing back reflection of the coherent light beam to the coherent light source.

Abstract: An optical actuator having an improved response time and an improved frequency operational range due to the reduced mass of a substrate coupled to an actuator and method of making the same. The optical actuator may be formed by adhering an uncoated substrate to the actuator using an epoxy. Once cured, any deformities and irregularities in a top surface of the substrate are removed. An optical coating is then applied to the top surface of the substrate. Once finished, the optical actuator may be used in a laser resonating cavity. Further, the optical actuator desirably may have a resonant frequency of about 150 kHz.