Abstract: Synthetic protease substrates and methods which facilitate the identification of substrates of a protease, particularly ubiquitin, ubiquitin-like, or proteasome protein are provided.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing expression levels, secretion, and purification of heterologous fusion proteins in a host cell are disclosed.

Abstract: Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced by transformation with heterologous polynucleotide sequences coding for xylulokinase (XKS) from Yersinia pestis and xylose isomerase (XI) are capable of xylose utilization. The transformants express these heterologous polynucleotides at a sufficient functional level to grow aerobically on xylose as the sole carbon source. Further transformation of the recombinant yeasts to overexpress one or more of the S cerevisiae genes PIP2, IMG2, MAK5, VPS9, COX10, ALE1, CDC7, and MMS4, permits the yeast to grow anaerobically on xylose as the sole carbon source. When grown under anaerobic conditions on a culture medium comprising both glucose and xylose, the transformed yeast exhibit increased ethanol productivity, with the yeast growing on the xylose to increase their biomass and fermenting the glucose to ethanol.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing expression levels, secretion, and purification of heterologous fusion proteins in a host cell are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for bioluminescent detection of the activity of proteolytic enzymes including ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin-like (Ubl) proteolytic enzymes are disclosed.

Abstract: The inventive subject matter relates to novel compositions, methods, and kits for enhancing the expression, solubility, and isolation of heterologous proteins. Further, the inventive subject matter relates to methods for generating proteins with novel N-terminal amino acids, unlike wild-type proteins which always are translated from mRNA with methionine at the N-terminus.

Abstract: Synthetic protease substrates and methods which facilitate the identification of substrates of a protease, particularly ubiquitin, ubiquitin-like, or proteasome protein are provided.

Abstract: Methods and kits for assessing proteolytic enzyme activity and a modulator's effect thereof employ a Ubiquitin or Ubiquitin-like Protein and a signal producing structure. The corresponding fusion polynucleotide is employed for production of transgenic cells, plants and animals that may be produced by stably transfection, optionally transforming the cell, plant or animal with a Ubiquitin-, UBL- or their C-terminal binding functional fragment-Reporter fusion polynucleotide. A method of diagnosing a disease or condition, comprises contacting or administering a sample obtained from a subject suspected of being afflicted with the disease or condition with the cell, plant or animal, detecting any signal produced by the reporter in the presence of the sample and comparing the signal to controls for 0% and 100% signals.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing expression levels and secretion of heterologous fusion proteins in a host cell are disclosed.

Abstract: Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced by transformation with heterologous polynucleotide sequences coding for xylulokinase (XKS) from Yersinia pestis and xylose isomerase (XI) are capable of xylose utilization. The transformants express these heterologous polynucleotides at a sufficient functional level to grow aerobically on xylose as the sole carbon source. Further transformation of the recombinant yeasts to overexpress one or more of the S cerevisiae genes PIP2, IMG2, MAK5, VPS9, COX10, ALE1, CDC7, and MMS4, permits the yeast to grow anaerobically on xylose as the sole carbon source. When grown under anaerobic conditions on a culture medium comprising both glucose and xylose, the transformed yeast exhibit increased ethanol productivity, with the yeast growing on the xylose to increase their biomass and fermenting the glucose to ethanol.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing expression levels and secretion of heterologous fusion proteins in a host cell are disclosed.

Abstract: The inventive subject matter relates to novel compositions, methods, and kits for enhancing the expression, solubility, and isolation of heterologous proteins. Further, the inventive subject matter relates to methods for generating proteins with novel N-terminal amino acids, unlike wild-type proteins which always are translated from mRNA with methionine at the N-terminus.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing expression levels and secretion of heterologous fusion proteins in a host cell are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing expression levels and secretion of heterologous fusion proteins in a host cell are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing expression levels and secretion of heterologous fusion proteins in a host cell are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing expression levels and secretion of heterologous fusion proteins in a host cell are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for producing libraries of diverse nucleotide sequences, and libraries of polypeptides encoded thereby, are provided. The nucleotide sequences comprise a first and a second constant region coupled to a coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence is formed by sequentially coupling nucleotides in a mixture of predetermined proportions of A, T, C, and G based upon a known amino acid profile. Libraries of vectors comprising the diverse nucleotide sequences are also provided. DNA and amino acid sequences encoding the libraries are further provided.

Abstract: Methods for producing libraries of diverse nucleotide sequences, and libraries of polypeptides encoded thereby, are provided. The nucleotide sequences comprise a first and a second constant region coupled to a coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence is formed by sequentially coupling nucleotides in a mixture of predetermined proportions of A, T, C, and G based upon a known amino acid profile. Libraries of vectors comprising the diverse nucleotide sequences are also provided. DNA and amino acid sequences encoding the libraries are further provided.