Abstract: A polymer/activated carbon composite made up of a branched polyethylenimine and magnetic cores involving Fe3O4 disposed activated carbon. The magnetic cores have activated carbonyl groups on the surface. A process for removing organic dyes, such as methyl red, as well as heavy metal ions from a polluted aqueous solution or an industrial wastewater utilizing the composite is introduced. A method of synthesizing the polymer/activated carbon composites is also specified.

Abstract: A drilling fluid composition includes an aqueous base fluid, 0.01 to 10 wt. % of a date palm leaves extract (DPLE), 1 to 10 wt. % of clay particles, and 0.01 to 1 wt. % of a base, where each wt. % based on a total weight of the drilling fluid composition. The DPLE is homogenously disposed on surfaces of the clay particles. The clay particles disposed with the DPLE are present in the drilling fluid composition in the form of a composite. A pellet made from the clay particles treated with the DPLE has a swelling value at least 75% less than a swelling value of the pellet in an aqueous composition that does not contain the DLPE. A method of making the drilling fluid composition.

Abstract: A polymer including reacted units of 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene and a compound A represented by Formula (I) below, in Formula (I), n=0-5. Compound A is bonded to the 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene through an azo bond to form the polymer, represented by Formula (II) below, Formula (II), represents a repeating unit of the polymer.

Abstract: A drilling fluid composition includes an aqueous base fluid, 0.01 to 10 wt. % of a date palm leaves extract (DPLE), 1 to 10 wt. % of clay particles, and 0.01 to 1 wt. % of a base, where each wt. % based on a total weight of the drilling fluid composition. The DPLE is homogenously disposed on surfaces of the clay particles. The clay particles disposed with the DPLE are present in the drilling fluid composition in the form of a composite. A pellet made from the clay particles treated with the DPLE has a swelling value at least 75% less than a swelling value of the pellet in an aqueous composition that does not contain the DLPE. A method of making the drilling fluid composition.

Abstract: A drilling fluid composition includes an aqueous base fluid, 0.01 to 10 wt. % of a date palm leaves extract (DPLE), 1 to 10 wt. % of clay particles, and 0.01 to 1 wt. % of a base, where each wt. % based on a total weight of the drilling fluid composition. The DPLE is homogenously disposed on surfaces of the clay particles. The clay particles disposed with the DPLE are present in the drilling fluid composition in the form of a composite. A pellet made from the clay particles treated with the DPLE has a swelling value at least 75% less than a swelling value of the pellet in an aqueous composition that does not contain the DLPE. A method of making the drilling fluid composition.

Abstract: A system for separating an oil and water mixture including an oil and water mixture tank, a first membrane, a second membrane, a separated oil tank, and a separated water tank. The first membrane includes polystyrene, which is functionalized with tannic acid. Water passes through, and oil does not pass through the first membrane. The second membrane includes polyurethane, which is functionalized with an alkyl group. Oil passes through, and water does not pass through the second membrane.

Abstract: A drilling fluid composition includes an aqueous base fluid, 0.01 to 5 wt. % of polyamine-functionalized activated carbon (AC-PAD), 0.1 to 10 wt. % of a shale material, 0.01 to 2 wt. % of a thickener, 0.1 to 10 wt. % of a fluid loss control additive, 0.01 to 5 wt. % of an adsorbent, and 1 to 20 wt. % of a borehole stabilizer. Each wt. % is based on a total weight of the drilling fluid composition. The AC-PAD is uniformly disposed on surfaces of the shale material. The shale material has an average pore size of 5 to 400 nanometers (nm). A method of preparing the AC-PAD and a method of drilling a subterranean geological formation.

Abstract: A drilling fluid composition includes an aqueous base fluid, 0.01 to 10 wt. % of a date palm leaves extract (DPLE), 1 to 10 wt. % of clay particles, and 0.01 to 1 wt. % of a base, where each wt. % based on a total weight of the drilling fluid composition. The DPLE is homogenously disposed on surfaces of the clay particles. The clay particles disposed with the DPLE are present in the drilling fluid composition in the form of a composite. A pellet made from the clay particles treated with the DPLE has a swelling value at least 75% less than a swelling value of the pellet in an aqueous composition that does not contain the DLPE. A method of making the drilling fluid composition.

Abstract: A drilling fluid composition includes an aqueous base fluid, 0.01 to 5 wt. % of polyamine-functionalized activated carbon (AC-PAD), 0.1 to 10 wt. % of a shale material, 0.01 to 2 wt. % of a thickener, 0.1 to 10 wt. % of a fluid loss control additive, 0.01 to 5 wt. % of an adsorbent, and 1 to 20 wt. % of a borehole stabilizer. Each wt. % is based on a total weight of the drilling fluid composition. The AC-PAD is uniformly disposed on surfaces of the shale material. The shale material has an average pore size of 5 to 400 nanometers (nm). A method of preparing the AC-PAD and a method of drilling a subterranean geological formation.

Abstract: Carbon nanofiber doped alumina (Al—CNF) supported MoCo catalysts in hydrodesulfurization (HDS), and/or boron doping, e.g., up to 5 wt % of total catalyst weight, can improve catalytic efficiency. Al—CNF-supported MoCo catalysts, (Al—CNF—MoCo), can reduce the sulfur concentration in fuel, esp. liquid fuel, to below the required limit in a 6 h reaction time. Thus, Al—CNF—MoCo has a higher catalytic activity than Al-MoCo, which may be explained by higher mesoporous surface area and better dispersion of MoCo metals on the AlCNF support relative to alumina support. The BET surface area of Al-MoCo may be 75% less than Al—CNF—MoCo, e.g., 166 vs. 200 m2/g. SEM images indicate that the catalyst nanoparticles can be evenly distributed on the surface of the CNF. The surface area of the AlMoCoB5% may be 206 m2/g, which is higher than AlMoCoB0% and AlMoCoB2%, and AlMoCoB5% has the highest HDS activity, removing more than 98% sulfur and below allowed levels.

Abstract: Polymer/carbon nanotube composites made up of melamine, aldehyde, diaminoalkane monomeric units and carbon nanotubes having activated carbonyl groups. A method for removing heavy metals, such as Pb(II) from an aqueous solution or an industrial wastewater sample with these composites is introduced. A process of synthesizing the polymer/carbon nanotube composites is also described.

Abstract: The invention is directed to use of polystyrene wastes, such as Styrofoam® wastes, and carbon nanofibers to produce a highly hydrophobic composition or composite that can separate oil and water.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates drilling fluids and methods of producing and using drilling fluids. The drilling fluid include an aqueous base fluid; at least one of a clay-based component and a mud; and a shale inhibitor comprising silica grafted with glutamate-glycol, wherein the drilling fluid does not comprise KC1, has a shale cutting rate from 65% to 99%, and has an anti-swelling capacity from 55% to 99%. The method of using the drilling fluid in drilling operations includes mixing an aqueous base fluid, a shale inhibitor comprising silica grafted with glutamate-glycol, and at least one of a clay material and a mud to produce a drilling fluid; and introducing the drilling fluid to a subsurface formation, wherein the drilling fluid does not comprise KC1, has a shale cutting recovery rate from 65% to 99%, and has an anti-swelling capacity from 55% to 99%.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates drilling fluids and methods of producing and using drilling fluids. The drilling fluid includes an aqueous base fluid; a clay-based component; and a shale inhibitor comprising silica grafted with glutamate-glycol. The method of producing the drilling fluid includes reacting silica with glutamate and glycol thereby forming a shale inhibitor comprising silica grafted with glutamate-glycol; and mixing an aqueous base fluid, a clay-based component, and the shale inhibitor to produce a drilling fluid. The method of using the drilling fluid in drilling operations includes mixing an aqueous base fluid, a clay-based component, and a shale inhibitor comprising silica grafted with glutamate-glycol to produce a drilling fluid; and introducing the drilling fluid to a subsurface formation.

Abstract: Polystyrene waste, such as Styrofoam® waste, and carbon nanofibers may be used to produce highly hydrophobic compositions or composites that can separate oil and water. Methods for purifying an aqueous solution may include: passing the aqueous solution, including a hydrophobic organic substance, over or through a surface including a polystyrene-CNF composition, thereby producing an aqueous product including less of the hydrophobic organic substance; and optionally, passing the aqueous product over or through the surface at least one more time.

Abstract: Crosslinked polymers made up of polymerized units of cyclic diaminoalkane, aldehyde and bisphenol-S or melamine. A method for removing heavy metals, such as Pb(II) from an aqueous solution or an industrial wastewater sample with these crosslinked polymers is introduced. A process of synthesizing the crosslinked polymers is also described.

Abstract: A method for removing cadmium ions from contaminated water sources and systems via contacting and treatment with composites formed from reaction between melamine, an aldehyde, diaminoalkane monomeric units and carbon nanotubes having activated carbonyl groups.

Abstract: Crosslinked polymers made up of polymerized units of cyclic diaminoalkane, aldehyde and bisphenol-S or melamine. A method for removing heavy metals, such as Pb(II) from an aqueous solution or an industrial wastewater sample with these crosslinked polymers is introduced. A process of synthesizing the crosslinked polymers is also described.

Abstract: A composite material of polyurethane foam having a layer of reduced graphene oxide and polystyrene is described. This composite material may be made by contacting a polyurethane foam with a suspension of reduced graphene oxide, drying, and then irradiating in the presence of styrene vapor. The composite material has a hydrophobic surface that may be exploited for separating a nonpolar phase, such as oil, from an aqueous solution.

Abstract: Carbon nanofiber doped alumina (Al—CNF) supported MoCo catalysts in hydrodesulfurization (HDS), and/or boron doping, e.g., up to 5 wt % of total catalyst weight, can improve catalytic efficiency. Al—CNF-supported MoCo catalysts, (Al—CNF—MoCo), can reduce the sulfur concentration in fuel, esp. liquid fuel, to below the required limit in a 6 h reaction time. Thus, Al—CNF—MoCo has a higher catalytic activity than Al—MoCo, which may be explained by higher mesoporous surface area and better dispersion of MoCo metals on the AlCNF support relative to alumina support. The BET surface area of Al—MoCo may be 75% less than Al—CNF—MoCo, e.g., 166 vs. 200 m2/g. SEM images indicate that the catalyst nanoparticles can be evenly distributed on the surface of the CNF. The surface area of the AlMoCoB5% may be 206 m2/g, which is higher than AlMoCoB0% and AlMoCoB2%, and AlMoCoB5% has the highest HDS activity, removing more than 98% sulfur and below allowed levels.