Abstract: An in-wafer testing device for a wafer apparatus includes a testing wafer and a testing circuit. The testing wafer is adapted to be put into the wafer apparatus. The testing circuit is integrated in the testing wafer, and configured to measure one or more properties of the wafer apparatus.

Abstract: A voltage regulation circuit for LED tube coupled to an energy input terminal being an AC source, a CCG or a ECG, comprising: a controlling part, including: a first impedance unit coupled to the energy input terminal; a second impedance unit coupled to the first impedance unit; and a third impedance unit coupled to the second impedance unit; and a controlled part including at least an LED unit and coupled to the controlling part; wherein a first terminal of the first impedance unit is coupled to a first terminal of the second impedance unit, a second terminal of the second impedance unit is coupled to a first terminal of the third impedance unit through a node, and the node is coupled to the controlled part.

Abstract: A high-safety LED tube, comprising: a first side having a first electrode and a second electrode; a second side having a third electrode and a fourth electrode; a first impedance module coupled to the first side; a second impedance module coupled to the second side; a first energy sensor having a first terminal coupled to the first impedance module; a second energy sensor having a first terminal coupled to the second impedance module; an LED unit coupled to the first impedance module and the second impedance module; a switch coupled to the LED unit; and a state control module coupled to the switch; wherein, when the first energy sensor or the second energy sensor detects an energy flowing between the first electrode and the second electrode or between the third electrode and the fourth electrode, the state control module turns on the switch.

Abstract: A filament simulation circuit for LED tube, comprising: two filament simulation parts respectively disposed on two terminals of a tube to receive a current from an electronic ballast, each filament simulation part including two sub-filament simulation parts, each sub-filament simulation part including a first resistor, a capacitor and a inductor, wherein each sub-filament simulation part is divided into: a first part; and a second part connected in series to the first part, the second part having a parallel connection structure; wherein an impedance of the sub-filament simulation part in a pre-heated stage is greater than that in an operating stage.

Abstract: An LED control circuit, comprising: a current source including a positive terminal and a negative terminal for providing a current; an LED, which is disposed on a first current path, including an anode and a cathode where the anode is connected to the positive terminal of the current source; an LED monitor including an input terminal and an output terminal where the input terminal is connected to the anode or the cathode of the LED; and a second current path connected in parallel to the first current path; wherein, when the LED monitor detects that the first current meets a target value, if the source current provided by the power source is greater than the target value, a second current divided from the source current flows through the second current path.

Abstract: An LED control system, comprising: a power source; an LED connected to the power source; a first switch connected in series with the LED; a second switch connected in parallel with the LED; a first regulation module including the first path to regulate a power applied to the LED; a second regulation module sharing the first path with the first regulation module to regulate the power applied to the LED; a check module to detect an energy value on a node of the LED control system; and a control module connected to the power source check module, the first regulation module, and the second regulation module; wherein when the check module detects that the energy value on the node is greater than a predefined value, the control module disables the regulation module in operation and enables the other regulation module.

Abstract: The invention provides a single-stage electronic ballast for a fluorescent lamp, comprising a boost circuit and a load unit. The boost circuit includes a first inductor, a first capacitor, a first diode and at least a switch, wherein the positive terminal of the first diode is connected to the first inductor, and the negative terminal of the first diode is connected to the at least a switch. The load unit includes at least a fluorescent lamp, two terminals of the first capacitor are respectively connected to the at least a load unit, and the at least a switch is connected to the load unit for controlling its turning-on and turning-off, wherein the boost circuit and the load unit share the at least a switch.

Abstract: The invention provides a circuit system for driving a high-intensity discharging lamp, comprising a boosting circuit, an ignition coil circuit and a clamp circuit. The boosting circuit includes a first transformer and a first switch, in which the primary of the first transformer receives an input power, the secondary of the first transformer produces a boosting DC voltage, and the first switch is connected to the first transformer to control turning-on and turning-off of the first transformer. The ignition coil circuit is connected to the boosting circuit for converting the boosting DC voltage into a switching AC voltage to drive a load. The clamp circuit is connected to the boosting circuit and the ignition coil circuit for directing energy, reflected from the secondary of the first transformer to the primary of the first transformer, to the secondary of the first transformer as the first switch is turned off.

Abstract: The invention provides a single-stage electronic ballast for a fluorescent lamp, comprising a boost circuit and a load unit. The boost circuit includes a first inductor, a first capacitor, a first diode and at least a switch, wherein the positive terminal of the first diode is connected to the first inductor, and the negative terminal of the first diode is connected to the at least a switch. The load unit includes at least a fluorescent lamp, two terminals of the first capacitor are respectively connected to the at least a load unit, and the at least a switch is connected to the load unit for controlling its turning-on and turning-off, wherein the boost circuit and the load unit share the at least a switch.

Abstract: The invention provides a circuit system for driving a high-intensity discharging lamp, comprising a boosting circuit, an ignition coil circuit and a clamp circuit. The boosting circuit includes a first transformer and a first switch, in which the primary of the first transformer receives an input power, the secondary of the first transformer produces a boosting DC voltage, and the first switch is connected to the first transformer to control turning-on and turning-off of the first transformer. The ignition coil circuit is connected to the boosting circuit for converting the boosting DC voltage into a switching AC voltage to drive a load. The clamp circuit is connected to the boosting circuit and the ignition coil circuit for directing energy, reflected from the secondary of the first transformer to the primary of the first transformer, to the secondary of the first transformer as the first switch is turned off.