Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for generating and applying an electric field according to a user configured arbitrary waveform pulsing train. A control module allows the user to input operation parameters and configure the arbitrary waveform pulsing train for the electroporation process. A micro-controller unit coupled to the control module controls an arbitrary waveform generator unit and a customized power module. During the electroporation process, the arbitrary waveform generator unit produces the arbitrary waveform pulsing train that is amplified by the customized power module. The customized power module is coupled to at least two electrodes, wherein the at least two electrodes will produce an electric field across a target media.

Abstract: The present invention provides lab-on-CD (LoCD) systems for conducting chemical and biological reactions. One of the LoCD systems comprises a microfluidic CD with at least one magnetically actuated micro check valve, said microfluidic CD having at least one sample reservoir, at least one reaction chamber, and at least one microfluidic channel connecting the at least one sample reservoir and the at least one reaction chamber; wherein the at least one magnetically actuated micro check valve is positioned to control the microfluidic flow in the at least one microfluidic channel; and a supporting CD with at least one magnetic element for providing a magnetic force; thereby when the microfluidic CD and the supporting CD are assembled into the LoCD system, the at least one magnetic element can move the at least magnetically actuated micro check valve so as to control the microfluidic flow in the at least one microfluidic channel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nano-integrated system assembly that offers both convenience and cost-efficiency, where multiple fluidic, electronic and mechanical components or chemical processes are optimally embraced effectively and efficiently in a systematic modularized manner. Furthermore, the nano-integrated system assembly has a generic configuration so as to enable and accommodate a wide spectrum of differently combined sequences of analyzing/processing operations to be performed on the identical nano-integrated system assembly.