Abstract: A luminaire featuring LEDs is disclosed. Each LED is affixed to a support structure and may have an individual reflector or refractor subsystem to modify light output. Multiple air vents or radiators are provided to even the temperature distribution between LEDs. In one embodiment, the support structure is arranged as a framework of bridges between LEDs with air gaps in between bridges. A fan may be provided to further enhance cooling. The LEDs and fan may have internal or external control means, including possibly wireless means. Alternative embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: A lighting system and protection means are disclosed. In particular, a Zener diode with pre-selected characteristics is used in parallel with an LED such that current will continue to flow through the circuit in case of LED failure. This adaptation in turn may be used in a series string combination.

Abstract: A system for billing Internet protocol (IP) telephony, or other telecommunication calls transmitted over data packet networks, is provided. Calls may be routed over networks of different types, e.g., H.323 networks or IP voice networks. Different types of network devices, e.g., call managers, switches, or gateways, may transmit legs within a call. Each device type typically generates call records that have data fields unique to that device. In order to generate a single billing record for each call, call records are standardized and then matched with call records from other devices. Key fields within call records that may be matched include: call connect timestamps, signal start timestamps, calling party identifiers, called party identifiers, or network device identifiers. Timestamps within call records may be synchronized from a common time server.

Abstract: A system for billing Internet protocol (IP) telephony, or other telecommunication calls transmitted over data packet networks, is provided. Calls may be routed over networks of different types, e.g., H.323 networks or IP voice networks. Different types of network devices, e.g., call managers, switches, or gateways, may transmit legs within a call. Each device type typically generates call records that have data fields unique to that device. In order to generate a single billing record for each call, call records are standardized and then matched with call records from other devices. Key fields within call records that may be matched include: call connect timestamps, signal start timestamps, calling party identifiers, called party identifiers, or network device identifiers. Timestamps within call records may be synchronized from a common time server.