Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for producing one or more oligosaccharides by co-culturing two different oligosaccharide producing strains. The method is useful for producing a balanced mixture of oligosaccharides, a selected oligosaccharide with reduced by-product formation and complex oligosaccharides, in particular complex fucosylated and sialylated HMOs. The co-cultivation is controlled by controlling the carbon source the individual strains can grow on.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for producing oligosaccharides where the method combines a fermentation process and an enzymatic reaction in the medium of the fermentation, thereby enabling the formation of the oligosaccharide in the fermentation medium of an ongoing fermentation. The method is in particular suitable for the generation of complex oligosaccharides.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to improved strains for the production of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) in large scale. The strains are genetically engineered to produce less acetate and/or ethanol during large-scale fermentation, in particular when encountering gradients with excess carbon source in the fermenter.

Abstract: A feed control system and related methods for a heterologous product, such as a human milk oligosaccharide, fermentation system are disclosed. The feed control system comprises a feed controller. The feed controller comprises a processor and an interface. The processor is configured to obtain a biomass content in a fermentation broth. The processor is configured to determine a carbon input parameter based on the biomass content. The processor is configured to control a carbon input to the fermentation broth according to the carbon input parameter.

Abstract: A feed control system and related methods for a heterologous product, such as a human milk oligosaccharide, fermentation system are disclosed. The feed control system comprises a feed controller. The feed controller comprises a processor and an interface. The processor is configured to obtain a biomass content in a fermentation broth. The processor is configured to determine a carbon input parameter based on the biomass content. The processor is configured to control a carbon input to the fermentation broth according to the carbon input parameter.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for the production of a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) blend with LNFP-I and 2?-FL as the predominant HMO's, the method comprising the steps of providing a genetically engineered cell, which comprises a heterologous ?-1,3-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase protein, a heterologous ?-1,3-galactosyltransferase protein, a heterologous ?-1,2-fucosyltransferase protein, and expresses functionally the colanic acid gene cluster, comprises a native or heterologous regulatory or episomal element for controlling the expression of the proteins and optionally express a heterologous sugar transporter, and culturing the cell in a suitable cell culture medium to express said proteins and to produce an HMO blend.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of producing mixtures of various human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) with unique HMO blend profiles, consisting predominantly of LNFP-I and LNT and of other HMOs in less significant amounts. The less abundant HMOs might be 2?-FL, LNT-II or DFL. The strategies for achieving specific HMO blends include strain engineering and fermentation methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to a genetically modified microorganism for making a oligosaccharide, preferably of 3-8 monosaccharide units, more preferably of 3-5 monosaccharide units, particularly a HMO, which comprises one or more genes encoding a sucrose utilization system, so the microorganism can use sucrose as a carbon and energy source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a genetically modified microorganism for making a oligosaccharide, preferably of 3-8 monosaccharide units, more preferably of 3-5 monosaccharide units, particularly a HMO, which comprises one or more genes encoding a sucrose utilization system, so the microorganism can use sucrose as a carbon and energy source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a genetically modified microorganism for making a oligosaccharide, preferably of 3-8 monosaccharide units, more preferably of 3-5 monosaccharide units, particularly a HMO, which comprises one or more genes encoding a sucrose utilization system, so the microorganism can use sucrose as a carbon and energy source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a genetically modified microorganism for making a oligosaccharide, preferably of 3-8 monosaccharide units, more preferably of 3-5 monosaccharide units, particularly a HMO, which comprises one or more genes encoding a sucrose utilization system, so the microorganism can use sucrose as a carbon and energy source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a genetically modified microorganism for making a recombinant oligosaccharide, preferably of 3-8 monosaccharide units, more preferably of 3-5 monosaccharide units, particularly a HMO, which comprises one or more genes encoding a sucrose utilization system, so the microorganism can use sucrose as a carbon and energy source. The one or more genes encoding a sucrose utilization system are preferably one or more genes encoding a heterologous PTS-dependent sucrose utilization transport system, such as the scr genes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a genetically modified microorganism for making a recombinant oligosaccharide, preferably of 3-8 monosaccharide units, more preferably of 3-5 monosaccharide units, particularly a HMO, which comprises one or more genes encoding a sucrose utilization system, so the microorganism can use sucrose as a carbon and energy source. The one or more genes encoding a sucrose utilization system are preferably one or more genes encoding a heterologous PTS-dependent sucrose utilization transport system, such as the scr genes.