Abstract: A terminal device obtains, from a credential issuing device, a first encrypted information set and a first credential information set that correspond to a plurality of pieces of first user information, where the first encrypted information set includes a plurality of pieces of first encrypted information obtained after encryption is correspondingly performed on the plurality of pieces of first user information, and the first credential information set includes a plurality of pieces of first credential information obtained after issuing processing is performed on the plurality of pieces of first user information; the terminal device determines, based on the first encrypted information set and the first credential information set in a first set, target credential information and target user information that correspond to target user information of a user as a target verification set; and the terminal device provides the target verification set for a credential verification device.

Abstract: A data provider encrypts source data to obtain a ciphertext of the source data, and uploads the ciphertext of the source data to a data storage platform for storage. Subsequently, in response to a data application request of a data consumer, the data provider encrypts a storage address of the ciphertext of the source data by using a public key of the data consumer, and uploads the encrypted storage address to a blockchain network. The data consumer obtains the ciphertext of the source data from the data storage platform. In the process, a blockchain decentralization capability is used to implement secure and trusted data exchange by using a smart contract that is public and commonly visible to a plurality of parties.