Abstract: Two power control loops for antenna switching transmit diversity are realized by a user terminal including two antennas (110, 120), one power amplifier (140) for amplifying the signals to be transmitted from each of the antennas, and a switch (130) switching the transmission power of the power amplifier from one antenna to the other antenna. Accordingly, the user terminal is enabled to alternately transmit data packets, with its two antennas. A closed loop power control mechanism in the user terminal is adapted to update, on receipt of a transmission power control command from a base station, the transmission power relative to the level of two slots previously.

Abstract: Two power control loops for antenna switching transmit diversity are realized by a user terminal including two antennas (110, 120), one power amplifier (140) for amplifying the signals to be transmitted from each of the antennas, and a switch (130) switching the transmission power of the power amplifier from one antenna to the other antenna. Accordingly, the user terminal is enabled to alternately transmit data packets, with its two antennas. A closed loop power control mechanism in the user terminal is adapted to update, on receipt of a transmission power control command from a base station, the transmission power relative to the level of two slots previously.

Abstract: A modulating means for modulating and/or demodulating data for transmission from a first device to a second device, wherein the modulating means is capable of modulating and/or demodulating data according to at least a first and a second modulation technique.

Abstract: A method of training a neural network to perform decoding of a time-varying signal comprising a sequence of input symbols, which is coded by a coder such that each coded output symbol depends on more than one input symbol, characterized by repetitively: providing a plurality of successive input symbols to the neural network and to the coder, comparing the network outputs with the input signals; and adapting the network parameters to reduce the differences therebetween.

Abstract: A method of training a neural network to perform decoding of a time-varying signal comprising a sequence of input symbols, which is coded by a coder such that each coded output symbol depends on more than one input symbol, characterised by repetitively: providing a plurality of successive input symbols to the neural network and to the coder, comparing the network outputs with the input signals; and adapting the network parameters to reduce the differences therebetween.

Abstract: A communications system comprising a plurality of terminals each having a neural network therein which has parameter values enabling the network to emulate a transmission processing stage in a transmission mode, and a transmission station for sending new parameter values to the terminals to change the operation of the neural networks to emulate a new transmission mode.

Abstract: A modulating means for modulating and/or demodulating data for transmission from a first device to a second device, wherein the modulating means is capable of modulating and/or demodulating data according to at least a first and a second modulation technique.