Abstract: A data processing system is provided that includes format-preserving encryption and decryption engines. A string that contains characters has a specified format. The format defines a legal set of character values for each character position in the string. During encryption operations with the encryption engine, a string is processed to remove extraneous characters and to encode the string using an index. The processed string is encrypted using a format-preserving block cipher. The output of the block cipher is post-processed to produce an encrypted string having the same specified format as the original unencrypted string. During decryption operations, the decryption engine uses the format-preserving block cipher in reverse to transform the encrypted string into a decrypted string having the same format.

Abstract: A system may include a point-of-sale system that gathers payment card track data from a payment card and a payment card gateway that processes the track data to authorize purchase transactions. The point-of-sale system may remove sensitive data such as a portion of a primary account number from the track data and may compress the removed data. The compressed version of the data may be appended to a discretionary field in the track data. The discretionary field may be encrypted following insertion of the compressed data. Track data that has been modified in this way may be conveyed to the payment gateway for processing.

Abstract: A data processing system is provided that includes format-preserving encryption and decryption engines. A string that contains characters has a specified format. The format defines a legal set of character values for each character position in the string. During encryption operations with the encryption engine, a string is processed to remove extraneous characters and to encode the string using an index. The processed string is encrypted using a format-preserving block cipher. The output of the block cipher is post-processed to produce an encrypted string having the same specified format as the original unencrypted string. During decryption operations, the decryption engine uses the format-preserving block cipher in reverse to transform the encrypted string into a decrypted string having the same format.

Abstract: Key requests in a data processing system may include identifiers such as user names, policy names, and application names. The identifiers may also include validity period information indicating when corresponding keys are valid. When fulfilling a key request, a key server may use identifier information from the key request in determining which key access policies to apply and may use the identifier in determining whether an applicable policy has been satisfied. When a key request is authorized, the key server may generate a key by applying a one-way function to a root secret and the identifier. Validity period information for use by a decryption engine may be embedded in data items that include redundant information. Application testing can be facilitated by populating a test database with data that has been encrypted using a format-preserving encryption algorithm. Parts of a data string may be selectively encrypted based on their sensitivity.

Abstract: Key requests in a data processing system may include identifiers such as user names, policy names, and application names. The identifiers may also include validity period information indicating when corresponding keys are valid. When fulfilling a key request, a key server may use identifier information from the key request in determining which key access policies to apply and may use the identifier in determining whether an applicable policy has been satisfied. When a key request is authorized, the key server may generate a key by applying a one-way function to a root secret and the identifier. Validity period information for use by a decryption engine may be embedded in data items that include redundant information. Application testing can be facilitated by populating a test database with data that has been encrypted using a format-preserving encryption algorithm. Parts of a data string may be selectively encrypted based on their sensitivity.

Abstract: A system may include a point-of-sale system that gathers payment card track data from a payment card and a payment card gateway that processes the track data to authorize purchase transactions. The point-of-sale system may remove sensitive data such as a portion of a primary account number from the track data and may compress the removed data. The compressed version of the data may be appended to a discretionary field in the track data. The discretionary field may be encrypted following insertion of the compressed data. Track data that has been modified in this way may be conveyed to the payment gateway for processing.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for securing payment card information. A user may present a payment card such as a credit card to point-of-sale equipment. The point-of-sale equipment may encrypt the payment card information. An encryption algorithm may be used that takes as inputs a first part of the payment card information, a tweak formed by a second part of the payment card information, and an encryption key. The encrypted payment card information may be conveyed to a gateway over a communications network. The gateway may identify which encryption algorithm was used in encrypting the payment card information and may re-encrypt the payment card information using a format preserving encryption algorithm. A network-based service may be used to remotely perform functions for the gateway.

Abstract: A token generating organization may include distributed tokenization systems for generating tokens corresponding to sensitive information. Sensitive information may include sensitive numbers such as social security numbers, credit card numbers or other private numbers. A tokenization system may include multiple physically distinct hardware platforms each having a tokenization server and a database. A tokenization server may run portions of a sensitive number through a predetermined number of rounds of a Feistel network. Each round of the Feistel network may include tokenizing portions of the sensitive number using a fractional token table stored an associated database and modifying the tokenized portions by reversibly adding portions of the sensitive number to the tokenized portions. The fractional token table may include partial sensitive numbers and corresponding partial tokens.

Abstract: A system is provided that uses cryptographic techniques to support secure messaging between senders and recipients. A sender may encrypt a message for a recipient using the recipient's public key. The sender may send the encrypted message to the message address of a given recipient. A server may be used to decrypt the encrypted message for the recipient, so that the recipient need not install a decryption engine on the recipient's equipment.

Abstract: Format-preserving encryption and decryption processes are provided. The encryption and decryption processes may use a block cipher. A string that is to be encrypted or decrypted may be converted to a unique binary value. The block cipher may operate on the binary value. If the output of the block cipher that is produced is not representative of a string that is in the same format as the original string, the block cipher may be applied again. The block cipher may be repeatedly applied in this way during format-preserving encryption operations and during format-preserving decryption operations until a format-compliant output is produced. Selective access may be provided to portions of a string that have been encrypted using format-preserving encryption.

Abstract: A token generating organization may include distributed tokenization systems for generating tokens corresponding to sensitive information. Sensitive information may include sensitive numbers such as social security numbers, credit card numbers or other private numbers. A tokenization system may include multiple physically distinct hardware platforms each having a tokenization server and a database. A tokenization server may run portions of a sensitive number through a predetermined number of rounds of a Feistel network. Each round of the Feistel network may include tokenizing portions of the sensitive number using a fractional token table stored an associated database and modifying the tokenized portions by reversibly adding portions of the sensitive number to the tokenized portions. The fractional token table may include partial sensitive numbers and corresponding partial tokens.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for securing payment card information. A user may present a payment card such as a credit card to point-of-sale equipment. The point-of-sale equipment may encrypt the payment card information. An encryption algorithm may be used that takes as inputs a first part of the payment card information, a tweak formed by a second part of the payment card information, and an encryption key. The encrypted payment card information may be conveyed to a gateway over a communications network. The gateway may identify which encryption algorithm was used in encrypting the payment card information and may re-encrypt the payment card information using a format preserving encryption algorithm. A network-based service may be used to remotely perform functions for the gateway.

Abstract: A token generating organization may include distributed tokenization systems for generating tokens corresponding to sensitive information. Sensitive information may include sensitive numbers such as social security numbers, credit card numbers or other private numbers. A tokenization system may include multiple physically distinct hardware platforms each having a tokenization server and a database. A tokenization server may run portions of a sensitive number through a predetermined number of rounds of a Feistel network. Each round of the Feistel network may include tokenizing portions of the sensitive number using a fractional token table stored an associated database and modifying the tokenized portions by reversibly adding portions of the sensitive number to the tokenized portions. The fractional token table may include partial sensitive numbers and corresponding partial tokens.

Abstract: A data processing system is provided that includes applications, databases, encryption engines, and decryption engines. Encryption and decryption engines may be used to perform format-preserving encryption on data strings stored in a database. Encryption and decryption engines may include embedded-format-preserving encryption and decryption engines. Embedded-format-preserving encryption engines may be used to encrypt data strings and embed information in data strings. Information corresponding to a format-preserving encryption operation of a data string may be embedded in an associated data string. The associated data string may be encrypted before or after embedding the information in the associated data string. The embedded information may include key management data that corresponds to a managed encryption key that was used to encrypt the data string.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing email are provided. Some of the email may be encrypted using identity-based-encryption (IBE) techniques. When an incoming IBE-encrypted message for a recipient in an organization is received by a gateway at the organization, the gateway may request an IBE private key from an IBE private key generator. The IBE private key generator may generate the requested IBE private key for the gateway. The gateway may use an IBE decryption engine to decrypt the incoming message. The decrypted message can be scanned for viruses and spam and delivered to the recipient. Outgoing email messages can also be processed. If indicated by message attributes or information provided by a message sender, an outgoing message can be encrypted using an IBE encryption engine and the IBE public key of a desired recipient.

Abstract: A customer may provide a merchant with primary account number information in connection with a purchase transaction. The merchant may send an associated authorization request to a payment card processor. A tokenization server at the payment card processor may generate a token corresponding to the primary account number. To secure the token, the token may be encrypted at the payment card processor using a cryptographic key shared with the merchant. A structure preserving encryption algorithm may be used in encrypting the token. A processor identifier may be embedded in the encrypted version of the token during the structure preserving encryption operation. The merchant can use the shared key to decrypt the token and extract the processor identifier. A settlement request may be directed to the processor from the merchant to settle the transaction using the processor identifier.

Abstract: A system is provided that uses cryptographic techniques to support secure messaging between senders and recipients. A sender may encrypt a message for a recipient using the recipient's public key. The sender may send the encrypted message to the message address of a given recipient. A server may be used to decrypt the encrypted message for the recipient, so that the recipient need not install a decryption engine on the recipient's equipment.

Abstract: Format-preserving encryption and decryption processes are provided. The encryption and decryption processes may use a block cipher. A string that is to be encrypted or decrypted may be converted to a unique binary value. The block cipher may operate on the binary value. If the output of the block cipher that is produced is not representative of a string that is in the same format as the original string, the block cipher may be applied again. The block cipher may be repeatedly applied in this way during format-preserving encryption operations and during format-preserving decryption operations until a format-compliant output is produced. Selective access may be provided to portions of a string that have been encrypted using format-preserving encryption.

Abstract: Online ordering systems allow a user to submit sensitive information such as payment card information to a merchant in encrypted form. A payment card processor server may be used to provide the user's web browser with code for an encryption function, a cryptographic key, and a key identifier. The web browser may encrypt the payment card information by executing the encryption function and using the key. The encrypted payment card information may be supplied to the merchant over the internet. A key identifier that identifies which cryptographic key was used in encrypting the payment card information may be provided to the merchant without providing the merchant with access to the key. The merchant can forward the encrypted payment card information to the credit card processor server with the key identifier. The processor server can use the key identifier to obtain the key and decrypt the payment card information for authorization.

Abstract: Systems and methods for secure messaging are provided. A sender may encrypt content and send the encrypted content to a recipient over a communications network. The encrypted content may be decrypted for the recipient using a remote decryption service. Encrypted message content may be placed into a markup language form. Encrypted content may be incorporated into the form as a hidden form element. Form elements for collecting recipient credential information such as username and password information may also be incorporated into the form. At the recipient, the recipient may use the form to provide recipient credential information to the remote decryption service. The recipient may also use the form to upload the encrypted content from the form to the decryption service. The decryption service may provide the recipient with access to a decrypted version of the uploaded content over the communications network.