Abstract: The invention relates to thin film solid state electrochemical cells consisting of a lithium metal anode, a polymer electrolyte and a cathode, where the lithium anode has been stabilized with a polymer film capable of transmitting lithium ions. Methods for making battery cells using the anode stabilizing films of the invention are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to highly conductive alkali-metal ion non-crystalline electrolyte systems, and more particularly to novel and unique molten (liquid), rubbery, and solid electrolyte systems which are especially well suited for use with high current density electrolytic cells such as primary and secondary batteries.

Abstract: Provided is a nonaqueous electrolyte element for use in secondary battery cells which comprises an effective lithium stripping enhancing amount of one or more soluble materials, such as a lithium polysulfide, which increases the lithium stripping efficiency. Also provided is a secondary lithium battery cell comprising said nonaqueous electrolyte element. Such a nonaqueous electrolyte element can be advantageously used in the manufacture of secondary electric-current producing cell elements, and provides many advantages in achieving extended cycle life and increased safety of secondary lithium batteries.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to composite cathodes suitable for use in an electrochemical cell, said cathodes comprising: (a) an electroactive sulfur-containing cathode material, wherein said electroactive sulfur-containing cathode material, in its oxidized state, comprises a polysulfide moiety of the formula --S.sub.m --, wherein m is an integer equal to or greater than 3; and, (b) an electroactive transition metal chalcogenide composition, which encapsulates said electroactive sulfur-containing cathode material, and which retards the transport of anionic reduction products of said electroactive sulfur-containing cathode material, said electroactive transition metal chalcogenide composition comprising an electroactive transition metal chalcogenide having the formula M.sub.j Y.sub.k (OR).sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel electroactive energy storing polycarbon sulfide (PCS) materials of general formula (CS.sub.x).sub.n wherein x is greater than 2.3 to about 50, and n is greater than 2. This invention also relates to novel rechargeable electrochemical cells containing positive electrode materials comprised of said polycarbon-sulfide materials with improved storage capacity at ambient and sub-ambient temperatures. This invention also relates to novel gel type solid electrolytes useful in high energy storage batteries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel electroactive energy storing polycarbon sulfide (PCS) materials of general formula (CS.sub.x).sub.n wherein x is greater than 2.5 to about 50, and n is equal to or greater than 2. This invention also relates to novel rechargeable electrochemical cells containing positive electrode materials comprised of said polycarbon-sulfide materials with improved storage capacity at ambient and sub-ambient temperatures. This invention also relates to novel gel type solid electrolytes useful in high energy storage batteries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymeric luminophores which contain ruthenium, osmium, and rhenium complexes covalently attached to polymer matrices. The polymeric luminophores are capable of having their luminescence quenched by molecular oxygen and may be coated on optical fibers to form sensing elements to detect oxygen in gases and fluids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metal ion salts which can be used in electrolytes for producing electrochemical devices, including both primary and secondary batteries, photoelectrochemical cells and electrochromic displays. The salts have a low energy of dissociation and may be dissolved in a suitable polymer to produce a polymer solid electrolyte or in a polar aprotic liquid solvent to produce a liquid electrolyte. The anion of the salts may be covalently attached to polymer backbones to produce polymer solid electrolytes with exclusive cation conductivity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel electroactive energy storing polyacetylene-copolysulfur (PAS) materials of general formula (C.sub.2 S.sub.x).sub.n wherein x is greater than 1 to about 100, and n is equal to or greater than 2. This invention also relates to novel rechargeable electrochemical cells containing positive electrode materials comprised of said polyacetylene-co-polysulfur materials with improved storage capacity and cycle life at ambient and sub-ambient temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electric current producing cell which contains an anode, a polymer electrolyte which is chemically inert with respect to the anode and the cathode, and a composite cathode having an organo-sulfur compound as a cathode active material, a conjugated polymer for the transport of electrons and a polymer electrolyte for the transport of ions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electric current producing cell which contains an anode, a polymer electrolyte which is chemically inert with respect to the anode and the cathode, and a composite cathode having an organo-sulfur compound as a cathode active material, a conjugated polymer for the transport of electrons and a polymer electrolyte for the transport of ions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electric current producing cell which contains an anode, a cathode having as a cathode-active material one or more carbon-sulfur compounds of the formula (CS.sub.x).sub.n, in which x takes values from 1.2 to 2.3 and n is greater or equal to 2, and where the redox process does not involve polymerization and de-polymerization by forming and breaking S--S bonds in the polymer backbone. The cell also contains an electrolyte which is chemically inert with respect to the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the manufacture of thin film solid state electrochemical devices using composite cathodes comprising a redox polymer capable of undergoing oxidation and reduction, a polymer solid electrolyte and conducting carbon. The polymeric cathode material is formed as a composite of radiation crosslinked polymer electrolytes and radiation crosslinked redox polymers based on polysiloxane backbones with attached organosulfur side groups capable of forming sulfur-sulfur bonds during electrochemical oxidation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical enzyme biosensor for use in liquid mixtures of components for detecting the presence of, or measuring the amount of, one or more selected components. The enzyme electrode of the present invention includes a redox polymer immobilized on an electrode surface, one or more enzymes, at least one of which is a de-hydrogenase, a coenzyme and an electron collector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the formation of high thermal conductivity X-ray anode sources for the production of high intensity X-rays. The anode sources are structures containing diamond (passive element) and desired target material(s) consisting of metal(s) and (or) their alloys for the generation of high intensity X-radiation of the desired wavelength.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electroluminescent devices, which may be used as colored display elements in indicator devices or flat plate multicolored displays. Electroluminescent elements can be categorized as natural or injection type. The present invention relates to injection type electroluminescent devices which operate by the application of a current through the system, creating luminescence at a p-n junction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical enzyme biosensor for use in liquid mixtures of components for detecting the presence of, or measuring the amount of, one or more select components. The enzyme electrode of the present invention is comprised of an enzyme, an artificial redox compound covalently bound to a flexible polymer backbone and an electron collector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ion-conducting solvent-free polymeric systems characterized as being cationic single ion conductors. The solvent-free polymer electrolytes comprise a flexible polymer backbone to which is attached a metal salt, such as a lithium, sodium or potassium salt, of a sterically hindered phenol. The solid polymer electrolyte may be prepared either by (1) attaching the hindered phenol directly to a flexible polymeric backbone, followed by neutralization of the phenolic OH's or (2) reacting the hindered phenol with a polymer precursor which is then polymerized to form a flexible polymer having phenolic OH's which are subsequently neutralized. Preferably the hindered phenol-modified polymeric backbone contains a polyether segment. The ionic conductivity of these solvent-free polymer electrolytes has been measured to be in the range of 10.sup.-4 to 10.sup.-7 S cm.sup.-1 at room temperature.

Abstract: A double photoelectrochemical cell for converting solar energy directly to electricity. The device in one embodiment has two semiconductors which are separated from each other by a polymer electrolyte. The two semiconductors have a different band gap; for example, one is n-type CdS and the other is p-type CdTe. The polymer electrolyte, for example, is a thin film polyethylene oxide acting as a polymer matrix containing a polysulfide redox couple, for example, Na.sub.2 S.sub.4. The polymer electrolyte is transparent, insulating and capable of transporting ions. At least one of the semiconductors is semi-transparent. The short wavelengths of light are absorbed by the semi-transparent wide band gap semiconductor, and the long wavelengths pass therethrough, and through the polymer film electrolyte, and are absorbed by the narrow band gap semiconductor. The output of the cell is double; one from each semiconductor, i.e. they are series-connected. Output voltage, for example, is about 0.625 volts.

Abstract: There is disclosed a polymer blend of a highly conductive polymer and a solid polymer electrolyte that is designed to achieve better charge transfer across the conductive film/polymer electrolyte interface of the electrochemical photovoltaic cell. The highly conductive polymer is preferably polypyrrole or poly-N-p-nitrophenylpyrrole and the solid polymer electrolyte is preferably polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide.