Abstract: Systems and methods for testing and characterization of optical surfaces which works equally well on concave, flat, convex, and non-conic optical surfaces, and which does not require that a master surface be first produced. The method is automatic and requires little human intervention. It provides an extremely high degree of accuracy, and provides repeatability of measurements within a minuscule tolerance of error. The method determines the evolute of the surface automatically, deterministically, and repeatably via orthogonal reflection by ascertaining the evolute of the surface's figure along multiple diameters of the surface.