Abstract: The invention relates to bioactive surface coatings deposited on selected substrates. Surface nanostructured film coatings deposited on most metal or nonmetal substrates to provide surfaces can be engineered to promote enhanced tissue/cell adhesion. Attached cells, including osteoblasts, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, retain viability and will readily differentiate and proliferate under appropriate conditions. Fibroblasts and endothelial cells exhibit good attachment and growth on most coated substrates, except on nano surfaced structured silicone.

Abstract: Improved radiopaque coatings particularly suitable for polymer substrates are described. A modified ion plasma deposition (IPD) method is used to provide coatings with macroparticle-dense surfaces that have excellent radiopacity. The coatings are particularly adapted to polymer surfaces because of high adherence and resistance to peeling and flaking.

Abstract: The invention is directed to efficient methods for depositing highly adherent anti-microbial materials onto a wide range of surfaces. A controlled cathodic arc process is described, which results in enhanced adhesion of silver oxide to polymers and other surfaces, such as surfaces of medical devices. Deposition of anti-microbial materials directly onto the substrates is possible in a cost-effective manner that maintains high anti-microbial activity over several weeks when the coated devices are employed in vivo.

Abstract: A unique delivery method for providing optimal pH in topical skin formulations is described. Cosmetically acceptable skin formulations prepared with selected weak acids neutralized with ammonia will gradually increase in acidity after topical application. The initial neutral pH changes to a pH compatible with normal skin processes important for skin lipid barrier renewal and sloughing of cells from the stratum corneum.

Abstract: A Quantum Model of the atom has been formulated, which illustrates how classical wave structures and four-wave intersections provide a background-independent supersymmetric metric of quantized positions outward from the atom's single neutrino centerpoint. The Quantum Model reveals the physical structure and the natural regularization of low-energy lattice circle solutions as the basis for quantum loops founded at Planck scales. Importantly, the Model provides the causal structure for charge, confinement, the Higgs mechanism, photons and gravity. The Quantum Model provides a unique tool for teaching, demonstration, rendering, and experimentation related to atomic level structures, field generation, bonding, and elemental bond control.