Abstract: A Cannabis processing system comprises a grinding apparatus and a cell disruption apparatus. The grinding apparatus is configured to grind wet Cannabis cuttings to from a ground, wet Cannabis material comprising wet Cannabis particles having an average particle size within a range of from about 1 mm to about 3 mm. The cell disruption apparatus is downstream of the grinding apparatus and is configured to disrupt cell walls of plant cells of the wet Cannabis particles through one or more of flash freezing, a cellulose solvent, applied negative pressure, and vacuum distillation to facilitate removal of one or more cannabinoids within the plant cells of the wet Cannabis particles. Methods of processing Cannabis are also described.

Abstract: A cannabis processing system comprises a grinding apparatus and a cell disruption apparatus. The grinding apparatus is configured to grind wet cannabis cuttings to from a ground, wet cannabis material comprising wet cannabis particles having an average particle size within a range of from about 1 mm to about 3 mm. The cell disruption apparatus is downstream of the grinding apparatus and is configured to disrupt cell walls of plant cells of the wet cannabis particles through one or more of flash freezing, a cellulose solvent, applied negative pressure, and vacuum distillation to facilitate removal of one or more cannabinoids within the plant cells of the wet cannabis particles. Methods of processing cannabis are also described.

Abstract: A cannabis processing system comprises a grinding apparatus and a cell disruption apparatus. The grinding apparatus is configured to grind wet cannabis cuttings to from a ground, wet cannabis material comprising wet cannabis particles having an average particle size within a range of from about 1 mm to about 3 mm. The cell disruption apparatus is downstream of the grinding apparatus and is configured to disrupt cell walls of plant cells of the wet cannabis particles through one or more of flash freezing, a cellulose solvent, applied negative pressure, and vacuum distillation to facilitate removal of one or more cannabinoids within the plant cells of the wet cannabis particles. Methods of processing cannabis are also described.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for forming carbon allotropes. An exemplary method includes forming a feedstock that includes at least about 10 mol % oxygen, at least about 10 mol % carbon, and at least about 20 mol % hydrogen. Carbon allotropes are formed from the feedstock in a reactor in a Bosch reaction at a temperature of at least about 500° C., and the carbon allotropes are separated from a reactor effluent stream.

Abstract: Systems and a method for removing carbon nanotubes from a continuous reactor effluent are provided herein. The method includes flowing the continuous reactor effluent through a separation vessel, separating carbon nanotubes from the continuous reactor effluent in the separation vessel, and generating a stream including gaseous components from the continuous reactor effluent.

Abstract: Methods and a system for removing carbon nanotubes from a water stream are provided herein. The system includes a purification vessel, wherein the purification vessel is configured to form a carbon oxide from the carbon nanotubes within the water stream.

Abstract: A method of reducing a gaseous carbon oxide includes reacting a carbon oxide with a gaseous reducing agent in the presence of an intermetallic or carbide catalyst. The reaction proceeds under conditions adapted to produce solid carbon of various allotropes and morphologies, the selective formation of which can be controlled by means of controlling reaction gas composition and reaction conditions including temperature and pressure. A method for utilizing an intermetallic or carbide catalyst in a reactor includes placing the catalyst in a suitable reactor and flowing reaction gases comprising a carbon oxide with at least one gaseous reducing agent through the reactor where, in the presence of the catalyst, at least a portion of the carbon in the carbon oxide is converted to solid carbon and a tail gas mixture containing water vapor.

Abstract: Systems and a method for forming carbon allotropes are described. An exemplary reactor system for the production of carbon allotropes includes a hybrid reactor configured to form carbon allotropes from a reactant gas mixture in a Bosch reaction. The hybrid reactor includes at least two distinct zones that perform different functions including reaction, attrition, catalyst separation, or gas separation.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for forming carbon allotropes. An exemplary method includes treating a carbonaceous compound to form a feedstock that includes at least about 10 mol % oxygen, at least about 10 mol % carbon, and at least about 20 mol % hydrogen. Carbon allotropes are formed from the feedstock in a reactor in a Bosch reaction at a temperature of at least about 500° C. The carbon allotropes are separated from a reactor effluent stream.

Abstract: A system and methods for forming carbon allotropes are described. The system includes a reactor configured to use a catalyst to form a carbon allotrope from a feed stock in a Bosch reaction. The catalyst includes a roughened metal surface.

Abstract: A method of reducing a gaseous carbon oxide includes reacting a carbon oxide with a gaseous reducing agent in the presence of an intermetallic or carbide catalyst. The reaction proceeds under conditions adapted to produce solid carbon of various allotropes and morphologies, the selective formation of which can be controlled by means of controlling reaction gas composition and reaction conditions including temperature and pressure. A method for utilizing an intermetallic or carbide catalyst in a reactor includes placing the catalyst in a suitable reactor and flowing reaction gases comprising a carbon oxide with at least one gaseous reducing agent through the reactor where, in the presence of the catalyst, at least a portion of the carbon in the carbon oxide is converted to solid carbon and a tail gas mixture containing water vapor.

Abstract: Systems and a method for forming carbon allotropes are described. An exemplary reactor system for the production of carbon allotropes includes a hybrid reactor configured to form carbon allotropes from a reactant gas mixture in a Bosch reaction. The hybrid reactor includes at least two distinct zones that perform different functions including reaction, attrition, catalyst separation, or gas separation.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for forming carbon allotropes. An exemplary method includes treating a carbonaceous compound to form a feedstock that includes at least about 10 mol % oxygen, at least about 10 mol % carbon, and at least about 20 mol % hydrogen. Carbon allotropes are formed from the feedstock in a reactor in a Bosch reaction at a temperature of at least about 500° C. The carbon allotropes are separated from a reactor effluent stream.

Abstract: Methods and a system for removing carbon nanotubes from a water stream are provided herein. The system includes a purification vessel, wherein the purification vessel is configured to form a carbon oxide from the carbon nanotubes within the water stream.

Abstract: A system and methods for forming carbon allotropes are described. The system includes a reactor configured to use a catalyst to form a carbon allotrope from a feed stock in a Bosch reaction. The catalyst includes a roughened metal surface.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for forming carbon allotropes. An exemplary method includes forming a feedstock that includes at least about 10 mol % oxygen, at least about 10 mol % carbon, and at least about 20 mol % hydrogen. Carbon allotropes are formed from the feedstock in a reactor in a Bosch reaction at a temperature of at least about 500° C., and the carbon allotropes are separated from a reactor effluent stream.

Abstract: Systems and a method for removing carbon nanotubes from a continuous reactor effluent are provided herein. The method includes flowing the continuous reactor effluent through a separation vessel, separating carbon nanotubes from the continuous reactor effluent in the separation vessel, and generating a stream including gaseous components from the continuous reactor effluent.

Abstract: A process for producing isotopes by continuously flowing a liquid stream, carrying capsules of target nuclei (NP-237) in solution, through a nuclear reactor (a TRIGA style nuclear reactor). Upon removal from the core of the nuclear reactor and after allowing for the decay of Np-238 to Pu-238, the capsules are emptied and the mixture of elements and isotopes are chemically separated using solvent extraction or ion exchange.

Abstract: A water treatment agent and method of treating water to inhibit, reduce, or prevent the formation of algae and bacteria in a water body. The water treatment agent may include copper sulfate penta-hydrate and/or silver, di-sodium ethylene di-amine tetra-acetic acid dihydrate, a scale inhibitor, a shocking agent and a buffer agent. For instance, the treatment agent may include a composition of copper sulfate pentahydrate, di-sodium ethylene di-amine tetra-acetic acid, monopotassium phosphate or sulfuric acid, and potassium monopersulfate and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid.

Abstract: A method for producing highly pure, hydrogen gas, of high pressure, if desired, by generating, in a reaction zone, hydrogen gas in the presence of one or more other gases and/or supercritical fluids; and the separation of at least some of the hydrogen gas by a separation zone having hydrogen selective permeability, whereby the separated hydrogen gas is substantially pure.