Abstract: A hand-held microscope includes a rigid tripod stand with adjustable legs, a visual display component, an imaging detector and an optical assembly comprising an imaging lens and an objective lens housed within an imaging tube. Multiple illumination sources can be used in the microscope, including LED or laser diode sources. The microscope can also include interchangeable imaging tubes that enable bright field, dark field, fluorescence and other imaging modalities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar panel condenser apparatus that includes an optical condenser and a photovoltaic cell. The optical condenser may be two or more stages of Fresnel lenses. The optical condenser may also include one or more optical devices to separate sunlight into frequency bands so that light of different frequency bands falls on photovoltaic cells appropriate to the frequency band.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar panel condenser apparatus that includes an optical condenser and a photovoltaic cell. The optical condenser may be two or more stages of Fresnel lenses. The optical condenser may also include one or more optical devices to separate sunlight into frequency bands so that light of different frequency bands falls on photovoltaic cells appropriate to the frequency band.

Abstract: A hand-held microscope includes a rigid tripod stand with adjustable legs, a visual display component, an imaging detector and an optical assembly comprising an imaging lens and an objective lens housed within an imaging tube. Multiple illumination sources can be used in the microscope, including LED or laser diode sources. The microscope can also include interchangeable imaging tubes that enable bright field, dark field, fluorescence and other imaging modalities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar or photovoltaic cell wherein the thickness of the photovoltaic substrate is reduced such that the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is about 100% greater than a typical photovoltaic cell. The solar cell can also include a cold plate located adjacent to the solar cell to remove heat from the solar cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar panel condenser apparatus which includes an optical condenser and a photovoltaic cell mounted substantially parallel to the optical condenser and placed about midway between the optical condenser and the focus of the optical condenser. The optical condenser can increase the effective area of the photovoltaic cell and increase the output power of existing photovoltaic cells by a factor of from about 2 to 4.