Abstract: A resonant transformer connected between a ground terminal and elevated terminal draws current from the earth's electric field through a primary winding of the transformer. An impulse generator applies a high voltage impulse to the primary winding of the resonant transformer to cause current to flow from the ground terminal through the primary winding. The flow of current through the primary winding of the resonant transformer induces a current in the secondary winding, which may be converted and filtered to a usable form, e.g. 60 Hz AC or DC.

Abstract: A resonant transformer connected between a ground terminal and elevated terminal draws current from the earth's electric field through a primary winding of the transformer. An impulse generator applies a high voltage impulse to the primary winding of the resonant transformer to cause current to flow from the ground terminal through the primary winding. The flow of current through the primary winding of the resonant transformer induces a current in the secondary winding, which may be converted and filtered to a usable form, e.g. 60 Hz AC or DC.

Abstract: The hydrosphere provides a natural wireless electric grid transporting energy through with a 7.5 Hz to 300 Hz bandpass. The hydrosphere grid eliminates the need for transmission lines and distribution lines operating at 50 Hz or 60 Hz worldwide. Global lightning return stroke current is sourced by the hydrosphere triggered by high voltage storm cloud conductivity. A power receiver extracts power from the Earth's hydrosphere, which serves as a current source for the power receiver. Water/moisture in the hydrosphere is conductive to ELF/SLF EM energy and functions as an electromagnetic spherical antenna that conducts broadband electromagnetic energy between 7.5 Hz and about 300 Hz. The power receiver comprises a resonant transformer that is electrically coupled to the earth's hydrosphere. The resonant transformer induces current flow from the Earth's hydrosphere. The power converts energy in ELF/SLF waves to useful form, e.g. 60 Hz AC or DC.

Abstract: A resonant transformer connected between a ground terminal and elevated terminal draws current from the earth's electric field through a primary winding of the transformer. An impulse generator applies a high voltage impulse to the primary winding of the resonant transformer to cause current to flow from the ground terminal through the primary winding. The flow of current through the primary winding of the resonant transformer induces a current in the secondary winding, which may be converted and filtered to a usable form, e.g. 60 Hz AC or DC.

Abstract: A resonant transformer connected between a ground terminal and elevated terminal draws current from the earth's electric field through a primary winding of the transformer. An impulse generator applies a high voltage impulse to the primary winding of the resonant transformer to cause current to flow from the ground terminal through the primary winding. The flow of current through the primary winding of the resonant transformer induces a current in the secondary winding, which may be converted and filtered to a usable form, e.g. 60 Hz AC or DC.

Abstract: A resonant transformer connected between a ground terminal and elevated terminal draws current from the earth's electric field through a primary winding of the transformer. An impulse generator applies a high voltage impulse to the primary winding of the resonant transformer to cause current to flow from the ground terminal through the primary winding. The flow of current through the primary winding of the resonant transformer induces a current in the secondary winding, which may be converted and filtered to a usable form, e.g. 60 Hz AC or DC.

Abstract: A resonant transformer connected between a ground terminal and elevated terminal draws current from the earth's electric field through a primary winding of the transformer. An impulse generator applies a high voltage impulse to the primary winding of the resonant transformer to cause current to flow from the ground terminal through the primary winding. The flow of current through the primary winding of the resonant transformer induces a current in the secondary winding, which may be converted and filtered to a usable form, e.g. 60 Hz AC or DC.

Abstract: A resonant transformer connected between a ground terminal and elevated terminal draws current from the earth's electric field through a primary winding of the transformer. An impulse generator applies a high voltage impulse to the primary winding of the resonant transformer to cause current to flow from the ground terminal through the primary winding. The flow of current through the primary winding of the resonant transformer induces a current in the secondary winding, which may be converted and filtered to a usable form, e.g. 60 Hz AC or DC.

Abstract: A resonant transformer connected between a ground terminal and elevated terminal draws current from the earth's electric field through a primary winding of the transformer. An impulse generator applies a high voltage impulse to the primary winding of the resonant transformer to cause current to flow from the ground terminal through the primary winding. The flow of current through the primary winding of the resonant transformer induces a current in the secondary winding, which may be converted and filtered to a usable form, e.g. 60 Hz AC or DC.

Abstract: The system and apparatus of one or more embodiments of the present invention extracts, conditions, and conveys electric power from the earth ionosphere cavity through the integrated and collaborative operation of the system and apparatus consisting of a capacitively-coupled insulated elevated terminal (coupled capacitor upper plate), an evacuated spark gap, an integrated step-down transformer and resonant capacitor, and a ground terminal (coupled capacitor lower plate). The architecture governing exemplary embodiments of the system and apparatus of the present invention emulates the natural architecture governing the interaction of living trees with the electrical energy resident in the earth ionosphere cavity. The implementation of such exemplary embodiments of the present invention utilizes standard and customized components appropriate for their function within the system and apparatus.

Abstract: A resonant transformer connected between a ground terminal and elevated terminal draws current from the earth's electric field through a primary winding of the transformer. An impulse generator applies a high voltage impulse to the primary winding of the resonant transformer to cause current to flow from the ground terminal through the primary winding. The flow of current through the primary winding of the resonant transformer induces a current in the secondary winding, which may be converted and filtered to a usable form, e.g. 60 Hz AC or DC.

Abstract: Anthranilic acids substituted in the 3- and/or 5-position are valuable intermediates for the production of agricultural chemicals. These substituted anthranilic acids can be obtained in good yield without undesirable isomeric byproducts by the oxidative ring-opening of dihydroquinolin-4-ones or quinolin-2,4-diones with t-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of a base.

Abstract: Alkylthioethylamine salts are prepared by reacting certain alkenes with mercaptoethylamine salts in a glycol or glycol ether solvent in the presence of a free radical initiator. The product mixtures obtained are useful as antimicrobials as is or after the addition of inert formulation additives.

Abstract: (1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-2(1H)-quinolones useful as antiallergic agents are described herein. The compounds are prepared by the reaction of sodium azide and ammonium chloride with an appropriate 3-cyano-2(1H)-quinolinone.

Abstract: 5-Chloro-3-(substituted)-s-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-7-carboxylic acids useful as antiallergic agents are described herein. The compounds are prepared from an appropriate acyl 6-chloro-2-hydrazinopyridine, substituted at the 4-position with a trichloromethyl group or a cyano group, by reaction with polyphosphoric acid.

Abstract: (1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)thienopyridinones and related compounds which are useful as antiallergic agents are described herein. The compounds are prepared by the reaction of an appropriate cyanoketone with ammonium chloride and an azide such as sodium azide in an inert solvent such as dimethylformamide.

Abstract: Fused tetracyclic compounds containing two thiophene rings, one pyridine ring and a triazine ring and which are useful as antiallergic agents are described herein. The compounds are prepared by the reaction of an appropriate substituted aminocarboxamine with sodium nitrite in an acid such as acetic acid.

Abstract: (1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)tetrazolo[1,5-a]thienopyridines and related compounds which are useful as antiallergic agents are described herein. The compounds are prepared by the reaction of an appropriate halocyano-quinoline with ammonium chloride and an azide such as sodium azide in an inert solvent such as dimethylformamide.

Abstract: A process is described for introducing nitrile groups to compounds susceptible to Vilsmeier formylation via two sequential reactions in a single reaction medium. In the first reaction, the susceptible compound is reacted with a Vilsmeier reagent in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride. In the second reaction, a hydroxylamine salt is introduced to the medium in the presence of at least an equivalent amount of phosphorus oxychloride.

Abstract: (1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinolines and related compounds which are useful as antiallergic agents are described herein. The compounds are prepared by the reaction of an appropriate halocyanoquinoline or isoquinoline with ammonium chloride and an azide such as sodium azide in an inert solvent such dimethylformamide.