Abstract: A polymer includes a first structural unit represented by formula (1-1), (1-2) or (1-3) and a second structural unit represented by formula (2) or (3). In the formulae (1-1) to (1-3), (2) and (3), R1, R10 and R11 each represent a halogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a nitro group or a cyano group; Zs each represent —O— or —S—; R4s each represent a methylene group or an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; and L represents a divalent group represented by formula (2-1). In the formula (2-1), Ra represents a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 ring atoms or a divalent fluorinated alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.

Abstract: A polymer includes a first structural unit represented by formula (1-1), (1-2) or (1-3) and a second structural unit represented by formula (2) or (3). In the formulae (1-1) to (1-3), (2) and (3), R1, R10 and R11 each represent a halogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a nitro group or a cyano group; Zs each represent —O— or —S—; R4s each represent a methylene group or an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; and L represents a divalent group represented by formula (2-1). In the formula (2-1), Ra represents a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 ring atoms or a divalent fluorinated alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.

Abstract: A polymer includes a first structural unit represented by formula (1-1), (1-2) or (1-3) and a second structural unit represented by formula (2) or (3). In the formulae (1-1) to (1-3), (2) and (3), R1, R10 and R11 each represent a halogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a nitro group or a cyano group; Zs each represent —O— or —S—; R4s each represent a methylene group or an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; and L represents a divalent group represented by formula (2-1). In the formula (2-1), Ra represents a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 ring atoms or a divalent fluorinated alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.

Abstract: A polymer includes a first structural unit represented by formula (1-1), (1-2) or (1-3) and a second structural unit represented by formula (2) or (3). In the formulae (1-1) to (1-3), (2) and (3), R1, R10 and R11 each represent a halogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a nitro group or a cyano group; Zs each represent —O— or —S—; R4s each represent a methylene group or an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; and L represents a divalent group represented by formula (2-1). In the formula (2-1), Ra represents a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 ring atoms or a divalent fluorinated alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.

Abstract: The invention described herein relates to a polyarylene copolymer comprising a structural unit represented by formula (1?): where the structural variables are defined herein. The invention also relates to a solid polymer electrolyte, a proton conductive membrane and A proton conductive membrane for direct methanol fuel cell which contains the polyarylene copolymer.

Abstract: Sulfonated polymers have excellent processability and methanol resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymer electrolyte having a protonic acid group that is excellent in thermal stability and dimensional stability. The polymer electrolyte includes copolymers having a sulfonic acid group which has a structure represented by the following formula: wherein X is a divalent electron-withdrawing group; Y is an oxygen or a sulfur; Z and Q are each a direct bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —SO2—, —[C(R?)2]g— (g: integer of from 1 to 8), etc.; R, R? and R1 to R16 are each a hydrogen, a fluorine, an alkyl, a fluorine-substituted alkyl, an aryl or a nitrile; m, n, p, q, r, s, t and u are each an integer of from 0 to 4 (with the proviso that p+q?1); and A is a group represented by Formula (5a) or (5b) below: wherein W is a divalent electron-withdrawing group; S is a protonic acid group; i is an integer of from 1 to 5; and j is an integer of from 1 to 7.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymer electrolyte having a protonic acid group that is excellent in thermal stability and dimensional stability. The polymer electrolyte includes copolymers having a sulfonic acid group which has a structure represented by the following formula: wherein X is a divalent electron-withdrawing group; Y is an oxygen or a sulfur; Z and Q are each a direct bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —SO2—, —[C(R?)2]g— (g: integer of from 1 to 8), etc.; R, R? and R1 to R16 are each a hydrogen, a fluorine, an alkyl, a fluorine-substituted alkyl, an aryl or a nitrile; m, n, p, q, r, s, t and u are each an integer of from 0 to 4 (with the proviso that p+q?1); and A is a group represented by Formula (5a) or (5b) below: wherein W is a divalent electron-withdrawing group; S is a protonic acid group; i is an integer of from 1 to 5; and j is an integer of from 1 to 7.