Abstract: The prevent invention provides an activated T cell in which the expression of an immune checkpoint molecule is suppressed, a method for producing the T cell, and a method for screening for a substance that can be used in the production of the T cell. Specifically, the prevent invention includes, as solving means, a method for producing or inducing a T cell in which the expression of an immune checkpoint molecule is not induced, the method comprising reducing or losing the function of UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) or ganglioside in a T cell, and a T cell produced or induced by the aforementioned method.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for determining the individual existence of first and second groups of particles contained in a fluid and differing in characteristics from each other that are capable of, e.g., during an automatized ion exchange operation, individually distinguishing anionic and cationic ion-exchange resin particles and capable of easily monitoring their regeneration state. A plurality of beams comprising different wavelength bands are emitted from light-emitting elements, projected onto a subject of measurement containing first and second particles, and received by light-receiving elements, and the reflectivities of the beams are measured. When the ratio of the reflectivity of a first of the beams to that of a second of the beams is above a predetermined value, the subject of measurement is determined to contain particles of the first kind, whereas when that ratio in reflectivity is below the predetermined value, the subject of measurement is determined to contain particles of the second kind.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for determining the individual existence of first and second groups of particles contained in a fluid and differing in characteristics from each other that are capable of, e.g., during an automatized ion exchange operation, individually distinguishing anionic and cationic ion-exchange resin particles and capable of easily monitoring their regeneration state. A plurality of beams comprising different wavelength bands are emitted from light-emitting elements, projected onto a subject of measurement containing first and second particles, and received by light-receiving elements, and the reflectivities of the beams are measured. When the ratio of the reflectivity of a first of the beams to that of a second of the beams is above a predetermined value, the subject of measurement is determined to contain particles of the first kind, whereas when that ratio in reflectivity is below the predetermined value, the subject of measurement is determined to contain particles of the second kind.

Abstract: A duplex data processing system includes two processors each provided with a bus connecting unit which disconnects the associated CPU bus from the cross connection bus in a separate mode or connects the CPU bus to the cross connection bus in a duplex mode. The system operates with a logically unified CPU bus through the connection of the internal CPU buses by the two bus connecting units in both processors.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cone bobbin utilized for making a yarn package thereon. The bobbin is provided with a main portion having a shape of a frustum of a cone, whereon the yarn package can be formed. From the bottom end of the main portion, a cylindrical bottom end portion of the bobbin is coaxially extended toward the outside, and a reserve winding can be formed on this bottom end portion.