Abstract: Two temperature areas are set at a higher temperature side and at a lower temperature side of target temperature respectively. The power stage of the temperature areas at the higher temperature side is set to −1 and the power stage of the temperature areas at the lower temperature side is set to +1. Thus, a current value is varied little and generation of flicker can be reduced. Further, A temperature can be always converged into the target temperature. When a temperature is in a temperature area near to the target temperature, the power stage is maintained except for a case in which a temperature has passed through a temperature area other than this near temperature area and the target temperature area and enters this near temperature area for the first time. Thus, an amplitude of power can be suppressed.

Abstract: Two temperature areas are set at a higher temperature side and at a lower temperature side of target temperature respectively. The power stage of the temperature areas at the higher temperature side is set to −1 and the power stage of the temperature areas at the lower temperature side is set to +1. Thus, a current value is varied little and generation of flicker can be reduced. Further, A temperature can be always converged into the target temperature. When a temperature is in a temperature area near to the target temperature, the power stage is maintained except for a case in which a temperature has passed through a temperature area other than this near temperature area and the target temperature area and enters this near temperature area for the first time. Thus, an amplitude of power can be suppressed.

Abstract: An oriented magnetic steel sheet with a very low core loss and a process for manufacturing it at a lower cost are disclosed. The steel sheet consists essentially of Si: greater than 3.0% and at most 6.0%, Mn: greater than 2.0% and at moat 8.0%, sol. Al: 0.003-0.015%, with Si (%)-0.5.times.Mn (%).ltoreq.2.0 and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, The amounts of C, N, and S as impurities are respectively at most 0.005%, at most 0.006%, and at most 0.01%. This steel sheet can be produced from a slab containing up to 0.01% C., up to 0.01% S and 0.001-0.010% N by (i) hot rolling the slab to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet, (ii) cold rolling the hot-rolled steel sheet, as hot-rolled or after being subsequently annealed, one or more times with an intermediate annealing performed between successive stages of cold rolling to prepare a cold-rolled sheet, (iii) causing primary recrystallization by continuous annealing of the cold-rolled sheet, and (iv) finish annealing the continuously annealed steel sheet.

Abstract: An oriented silicon steel sheet with a very low core loss and a process for producing it at a lower cost are disclosed. The steel sheet consists essentially of Si: 1.5-3.0%, Mn: 1.0-3.0%, sol. Al: 0.003-0.015%, with Si (%)-0.5.times.Mn (%).ltoreq.2.0 and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, in which the amount of C and N as impurities is not more than 0.0020%, with S being not more than 0.01%. This steel sheet can be produced from a slab containing up to 0.01% C and 0.001-0.010% N through hot rolling, cold rolling, primary and secondary recrystallization, and then decarburization.

Abstract: An ammonia gas analyzer and a sulfuric acid converter utilized in the ammonia gas analyzer in which a sample gas is maintained at a relatively high temperature prior to entering the sulfuric acid converter to thereby prevent acidic sulfuric acid sulfates and/or ammonia sulfates from crystallizing and being deposited on the walls of the device. The ammonia gas analyzer includes gas sampling means, a gas measuring channel connected to the gas sampling means, a comparison gas channel connected parallel to the measuring gas channel with the measuring gas channel including an NH.sub.3 /NO converter for converting NH.sub.3 in a sample gas into NO and means for measuring a concentration of NH.sub.3 on the basis of variations of an amount of NO in the measuring gas channel with respect to that in the comparison gas channel.

Abstract: A glass body having a fluorescent pattern inwardly of a surface thereof is formed by depositing a first material in a predetermined pattern on a surface of glass containing readily ion-exchangeable first ions, the first material containing second ions capable of ion-exchange with the first ions, one of the glass and the first material containing ions for providing a fluorescence center, and by causing the second ions to penetrate into the glass through ion-exchange with the first ions so that the fluorescence-center providing ions may be distributed in a pattern which is in positive or negative relationship with the predetermined pattern.

Abstract: A glass body having a fluorescent pattern inwardly of a surface thereof is formed by depositing a first material in a predetermined pattern on a surface of glass containing readily ion-exchangeable first ions, the first material containing second ions capable of ion-exchange with the first ions, one of the glass and the first material containing ions for providing a fluorescence center, and by causing the second ions to penetrate into the glass through ion-exchange with the first ions so that the fluorescence-center providing ions may be distributed in a pattern which is in positive or negative relationship with the predetermined pattern.