Abstract: A method is provided of manufacturing semiconductor devices formed on a semiconductor wafer, including placing the wafer in a semiconductor container and conveying the container to a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus. An opening of the container is opposed to an opening of the apparatus such that an opener of the apparatus holds a lid of the opening the container. A key of the opener is inserted to a latch groove of the lid, and the key is rotated to contact a latch of the lid. The openings are connected such that a velocity differential pressure ratio obtained by dividing the maximum velocity when the opener holding the lid horizontally moves away from the opening of the container, by the differential pressure between the inside pressure and the outside pressure of the apparatus, is set to be 0.06 ((m/s)/Pa) or less, and then the wafer is processed.

Abstract: A method is provided of manufacturing semiconductor devices formed on a semiconductor wafer, including placing the wafer in a semiconductor container and conveying the container to a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus. An opening of the container is opposed to an opening of the apparatus such that an opener of the apparatus holds a lid of the opening the container. A key of the opener is inserted to a latch groove of the lid, and the key is rotated to contact a latch of the lid. The openings are connected such that a velocity differential pressure ratio obtained by dividing the maximum velocity when the opener holding the lid horizontally moves away from the opening of the container, by the differential pressure between the inside pressure and the outside pressure of the apparatus, is set to be 0.06 ((m/s)/Pa) or less, and then the wafer is processed.

Abstract: When a conventional semiconductor container opening/closing apparatus opens a lid of a semiconductor container, foreign particles enter into the container from outside through a gap between the container and a wall surface of the container opening/closing apparatus and adhere to a wafer in the container. An apparatus is provided to reduce the number of foreign particles adhering to the wafer by preventing foreign particles from entering into the container at the time of opening the container by the opening/closing apparatus. To achieve this, a velocity-differential pressure ratio obtained by dividing the maximum velocity at the time of opening the lid of the container in a vertical direction to an opening of the container, by the differential pressure between the inside pressure and the outside pressure of said semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, is set to be 0.06 ((m/s) Pa) or less.

Abstract: When a conventional semiconductor container opening/closing apparatus opens a lid of a semiconductor container, foreign particles enter into the container from outside through a gap between the container and a wall surface of the container opening/closing apparatus and adhere to a wafer in the container. An apparatus is provided to reduce the number of foreign particles adhering to the wafer by preventing foreign particles from entering into the container at the time of opening the container by the opening/closing apparatus. To achieve this, a velocity-differential pressure ratio obtained by dividing the maximum velocity at the time of opening the lid of the container in a vertical direction to an opening of the container, by the differential pressure between the inside pressure and the outside pressure of said semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, is set to be 0.06 ((m/s) Pa) or less.

Abstract: When a conventional semiconductor container opening/closing apparatus opens a lid of a semiconductor container, foreign particles enter into the container from outside through a gap between the container and a wall surface of the container opening/closing apparatus and adhere to a wafer in the container. A method is provided to reduce the number of foreign particles adhering to the wafer by preventing foreign particles from entering into the container at the time of opening the container by the opening/closing apparatus. To achieve this, a velocity-differential pressure ratio obtained by dividing the maximum velocity at the time of opening the lid of the container in a vertical direction to an opening of the container, by the differential pressure between the inside pressure and the outside pressure of said semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, is set to be 0.06 ((m/s) Pa) or less.

Abstract: When a conventional semiconductor container opening/closing apparatus opens a lid of a semiconductor container, foreign particles enter into the container from outside through a gap between the container and a wall surface of the container opening/closing apparatus and adhere to a wafer in the container. A method is provided to reduce the number of foreign particles adhering to the wafer by preventing foreign particles from entering into the container at the time of opening the container by the opening/closing apparatus. To achieve this, a velocity-differential pressure ratio obtained by dividing the maximum velocity at the time of opening the lid of the container in a vertical direction to an opening of the container, by the differential pressure between the inside pressure and the outside pressure of said semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, is set to be 0.06 ((m/s) Pa) or less.

Abstract: An air cleaner for a cooling device in a driving system mounted on a large-size dump truck capable of separating and removing dust and rain water contained the air flow flowing in through an air intake portion from the air with a high efficiency. This air cleaner for cooling comprises a plurality of strata tubes (12) horizontally spanning between front and rear walls (1a, 1b) of a rectangular parallelepiped shape intake portion (1), a net pasted over the entire surface of the front of the intake portion, and a cover disposed in front of the net.

Abstract: Offset condition detecting device for detecting offset condition of pantographs from overhead contact wires by means of electric current detected by a contact element mounted on the pantograph and insulated therefrom. The detection is made electrically and in case of emergency the pantographs are lowered down at high speed to prevent damage of pantographs of trolley-assisted vehicles.

Abstract: A collector device for trolley-assisted vehicles having a pantograph operating circuit acting to deenergize the pantograph operating electromagnetic valve, when a driver inadvertently intends to leave the vehicle while pantographs are in the working position by automatically bringing the pantographs down to leave overhead contact wire thus to avoid electric shock accident.

Abstract: A hoist control valve interlock system for trolley-assisted dump trucks prevent a dump vessel from an unexpected upward movement caused by the operator's mismanipulation during running on an ascent course under the trolley mode condition. The interlock system has a pair of air cylinders for controlling a hoist control valve operatively connected to hoist cylinders for the dump vessel and directional control air valves for supplying and discharging compressed air from an air reservoir via a trolley mode interlock valve into and from the air cylinders by the operation of a hoist control lever. When the trolley mode interlock valve is shifted to its engine mode position to its trolley mode position, the hoist control valve is interlocked into its floating position by the action of one of the air cylinders where compressed air is supplied from the air reservoir via the trolley mode interlock valve and a shuttle valve irrespective of the air valves.

Abstract: A vehicle speed control device for use in a trolley-assisted dump truck of a single phase alternating current system can control the driving torque in proportion to the amount of depression of an accelerator pedal in the same manner as in the case of running under an engine mode condition even when running under a trolley mode condition utilizing a commercial power source.

Abstract: An alternating current feeder system for use in trolley assisted dump trucks has a feeder circuit of a.c. system including a Scott connection transformer used as a main substation, main- and T-winding sections having a phase difference of 90 degrees on the secondary side of the transformer and serving to transform three-phase a.c. power into single phase one supplied to feeder substations, single phase transformers respectively installed in the feeder substations, each being adapted to drop the voltage applied on trolley wires to the level required for the latter, and a different phase section provided in a boundary defined between the single phase transformers.

Abstract: The control apparatus is capable of setting an automatic speed changing point corresponding to the output of the throttle position of an internal combustion engine and changing an automatic speed change range in accordance with an operation mode of a range select lever. The control apparatus is further capable of setting upper and lower limit speeds of the automatic speed change range.

Abstract: In an electronic control apparatus of an automatic speed changing apparatus for use in an internal combustion engine of the type wherein the engine is connected with a load through a fluid type torque converter and a multiple stage gear changer, there are provided means for locking-up the torque converter when the speed of the output shaft thereof exceeds a first predetermined speed, means for shifting-up the gear changer to a higher stage when the speed of the output shaft exceeds a second predetermined speed which is higher than the first predetermined speed, and means for shifting-down the gear changer to a lower stage when the speed of the output shaft decreases below a third predetermined speed which is lower than the first predetermined speed whereby effecting automatic speed change control while the torque converter is maintained in the locked-up condition.

Abstract: A retarder control device for a vehicle with an oil-cooled multi-plate disc brake which has solenoid and hand brake valves assembled in parallel with a pneumatic line. A check valve is provided at the pneumatic pressure line for checking oil flow from the solenoid and hand brake valves, and thus the rear brake is manually and automatically operated.

Abstract: A device for detecting the opening of a throttle valve of a diesel engine for vehicles. The device comprises a magnetic shield adapted to be rotated responsive to the opening of the throttle valve, a magnet adapted to be inserted into the magnetic shield, a plurality of reed switches embedded in the housing, and a plurality of flip-flop circuits adapted to be set or reset for producing a gate signal to be fed to a gate circuit.