Abstract: A spacer, which is interposed between a cylinder head and an intake manifold in order to facilitate installation of a swirl control valve or valves, is made of thermosetting phenol or epoxy resin so as to prevent the transfer of heat from the cylinder head to the intake manifold. The spacer installs thereon a fuel injector or injectors and may be provided with a fuel supply passage, pressure regulator, fuel damper, etc. as an integral unit.

Abstract: This invention relates an AC generator comprising a stator coil, a field coil, a pole core for inducing an output voltage to the stator coil, and a voltage regulator for controlling the output voltage. The field coil is wound in either of such directions as to reduce or increase the magnetic flux formed by the pole core. The voltage regulator controls the output voltage to a predetermined value by passing or breaking the current to the field coil. The voltage regulator thus operates to disconnect the field coil when the output voltage is not within a specified range.