Abstract: A certificate management apparatus retains an important certificate, while deleting the oldest referenced certificate. An update determination information output unit outputs update determination information being information for determining whether or not to update a certificate. A certificate cache stores the certificate on a volatile memory. An operation unit stores the update determination information output by the update determination information output unit in the certificate cache by relating to the certificate, and based on the update determination information stored in the certificate cache, updates the certificate related to the update determination information.

Abstract: A data determination apparatus of the present invention includes a state transition model storage unit to store a state transition model representing a state transition, a state management unit to hold an operating state of an own apparatus based on the state transition model, a communication permission list storage unit to store, as a communication permission list, communication permitted data whose communications are permitted in respective operating states, a communication unit to obtain communication determination data, and a determination unit to determine whether or not the communication determination data is communication permitted data whose communication has been permitted in a current operating state, using the current operating state and the communication permission list.

Abstract: The present invention provides a certificate management apparatus which retains an important certificate, while deleting the oldest referenced certificate. An update determination information output unit outputs update determination information being information for determining whether or not to update a certificate. A certificate cache stores the certificate on a volatile memory. An operation unit stores the update determination information output by the update determination information output unit in the certificate cache by relating to the certificate, and based on the update determination information stored in the certificate cache, updates the certificate related to the update determination information.

Abstract: A delay element delays an output signal Dt from an arithmetic circuit and outputs a delayed signal Dd. An XOR element compares the output signal Dt with the delayed signal Dd, and outputs an XORout signal with the signal value “0” when the signals match each other, and outputs an XORout signal with the signal value “1” when the signals do not match each other. In a flip-flop, when the signal value of the XORout signal at the rise of a clock of a clock signal CK is “0”, the output signal Dt is output from a flip-flop, and when the signal value of the XORout signal at the rise of the clock becomes “1” even once, a fixed value of the signal value “0” continues to be output.

Abstract: A delay element 3 delays an output signal Dt from an arithmetic circuit 1 and outputs a delayed signal Dd. An XOR element 4 compares the output signal Dt with the delayed signal Dd, and outputs an XORout signal with the signal value “0” when the signals match each other, and outputs an XORout signal with the signal value “1” when the signals do not match each other. In a flip-flop 61, when the signal value of the XORout signal at the rise of a clock of a clock signal CK is “0”, the output signal Dt is output from a flip-flop 6, and when the signal value of the XORout signal at the rise of the clock becomes “1” even once, a fixed value of the signal value “0” continues to be output.

Abstract: An encryption part (103) inputs a picture data packet (110) including I slice data which is used for intra-frame prediction and a processing on which starts from leading data at a time of data decompression. The encryption part (103) extracts, from the leading portion of the I slice data, data having a data size sufficiently small compared to the data size of the I slice data as a whole, and encrypts only the extracted leading data. Intra-frame prediction cannot be performed when the leading data of the I slice data is not decrypted. Therefore unauthorized decryption and reproduction of motion picture data can be prevented with encryption of a small amount of data.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing an essential oil emulsion without using a surfactant, wherein the essential oil emulsion can be easily diluted with water for its use and its emulsified state is stable, wherein the production method is characterized in that it comprises stirring an essential oil at a rotation number between 3,000 and 20,000 rpm in an alkaline solution with a pH value between 9 and 13 for emulsification, wherein the alkaline solution is either an aqueous solution of a compound (a base) that is dissolved in water to generate hydroxide ions (OH?), or an alkaline ionized water generated on the cathode side (on the negative electrode side) when an electrolyte solution containing an electrolyte is decomposed by electrical energy, wherein the aqueous solution preferably has a base concentration between 0.00001 N and 0.01 N and a pH value between pH 9 and 13.