Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device comprising a polarizer, a retardation film, a front scattering film layer, and a liquid crystal cell having a mirror reflector, in which the front scattering film layer includes at least one film of which scattering angle range is asymmetrical to the normal direction of film. A plural front scattering films of which scattering angle range is asymmetrical to the film normal are laminated so that the projection direction onto the film surface in the central angle direction of the scattering angle range may be different. At least one of the scattering films for composing the scattering film layer is a front scattering film for scattering more strongly the transmission light from the second incident angle region not containing the film normal direction than the transmission light from the first incident angle region containing the film normal direction.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device comprises a substrate, a transparent substrate facing the substrate, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the substrate and the transparent substrate, and further comprises first transparent electrodes, an electrically insulating separating layer and a reflective film formed in that order from the liquid crystal layer side at the inward-facing surface of the substrate, and also comprises a second transparent electrode included in the inward-facing surface of the transparent substrate. The electrically insulating separating layer physically and electrically separates the reflective film made of Al from the first transparent electrodes, so that durability against chemicals at processing and reliability are improved.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal cell and a polymer film. The liquid crystal cell comprises a liquid crystal layer positioned between a pair of transparent substrates, on whose innersides transparent electrodes are provided. The polymer film is positioned at one side of the liquid crystal cell. The liquid crystal layer and the polymer film are sandwiched by a pair of polarization films. A twist angle of the liquid crystal layer is set to be a predetermined value. The product of birefringence of the nematic liquid crystal, .DELTA.n.sub.LC, and a thickness of liquid crystal layer, d.sub.LC, .DELTA.n.sub.LC .multidot.d.sub.LC is set to be a predetermined value. The birefringence difference .DELTA.(R)=R.sub.Film -.DELTA.n.sub.LC .multidot.d.sub.LC, which is defined by using the .DELTA.n.sub.LC .multidot.d.sub.LC and retardation of the polymer film, R.sub.Film, is set to be a value between 0.0 .mu.m and 0.1 .mu.m.

Abstract: A reflection type liquid crystal display apparatus has a liquid cell having an upper substrate having an electrode pattern formed with transparent electrodes, a lower substrate opposed to the upper substrate and having an electrode pattern formed with metallic reflecting electrodes, an orientation film formed on each of the two electrode patterns, and containing liquid crystal put between the upper and lower substrates, and an electronic part connected to the liquid crystal cell and used to drive the liquid crystal cell, wherein each of the metallic reflecting electrodes is a two-layer film composed of Ti and Al alloy and formed on the lower substrate.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal cell and a polymer film. The liquid crystal cell comprises a liquid crystal layer positioned between a pair of transparent substrates, on whose innersides transparent electrodes are provided. The polymer film is positioned at one side of the liquid crystal cell. The liquid crystal layer and the polymer film are sandwiched by a pair of polarization films. A twist angle of the liquid crystal layer is set to be a predetermined value. The product of birefringence of the nematic liquid crystal, .DELTA.n.sub.LC, and a thickness of liquid crystal layer, d.sub.LC, .DELTA.n.sub.LC .multidot.d.sub.LC is set to be a predetermined value. The birefringence difference .DELTA.(R)=R.sub.Film -.DELTA.n.sub.LC .multidot.d.sub.LC, which is defined by using the .DELTA.n.sub.LC .multidot.d.sub.LC and retardation of the polymer film, R.sub.Film, is set to be a value between 0.0 .mu.m and 0.1 .mu.m.

Abstract: A disc drive for use with a disc-shaped recording medium, includes a disc driving mechanism for driving the recording medium mounted on a disc mounting surface thereof and a clamping mechanism for clamping the recording medium on the disc mounting surface of the disc drive mechanism. A further driving mechanism is provided for moving the clamping mechanism into a clamping position in which it clamps the recording medium on the disc mounting surface and maintains the clamping mechanism in the clamping position. A motor drives the further driving mechanism. A manually operated mechanism releases transmission between the further driving mechanism and the motor, and manually operates the further driving mechanism to eject the recording medium out of the disc drive.

Abstract: Pixel electrodes in the periphery of a thin film transistor array (peripheral part of the display screen) of an active matrix type liquid crystal display device are directly electrically shortcircuited with signal lines, whereby an alternating current signal is always applied to the pixel electrodes without being passed through a thin film transistor as a switching element. Thereby the liquid crystal arranged on the peripheral part of the display screen is driven in a static state resulting in a high stability against the display characteristics.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator and a neural network circuit are disclosed. The modulator is used in pattern recognition and has an arrangement in which a photoconductive layer held between conductive electrodes is connected in series to a liquid crystal cell including a liquid crystal layer held between two opposite electrodes. Setting the rate between the area of the photoconductive layer and the area of at least one of the opposite electrodes between which the liquid crystal layer is disposed, provides a highly efficient reflective and transmissive spatial light modulator of a simple structure. Both reflective and transmissive spatial light modulating elements are applied to a neurocomputer or the like.

Abstract: An interface system having a plurality of signal lines connected between a plurality of input terminals of a control circuit and a plurality of output terminals of a host computer. A plurality of resistor elements each have one end connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of signal lines and the other ends connected in common to a second of a pair of first and second terminals, of which the first terminal is connected to a power source to supply electric power when the terminal pair is short-circuited by a jumper disposed between the first and second terminals. A plurality of diode elements have anodes connected to the second terminal of the terminal pair and cathodes connected to the other ends of the plurality of resistor elements. The resistor elements are electrically interrupted without physically removing the resistor elements by opening the path between the first and second terminals.

Abstract: A disc unit in which a disc which is inserted into the data storage disc unit in a wrong direction or upside down is automatically discharged from the disc unit. Such a wrong insertion of the disc is detected in response to an index signal generated every time the disc makes one rotation or by detecting an aperture of a disc cassette in which the disc is accommodated.

Abstract: This invention provides an optical filter comprises of a pair of solid polymer films, wherein (1) a first solid polymer film has a planar alignment of a cholesteric liquid crystal structure of either clockwise or counterclockwise helical structure, which alignment allows the light of a specified wavelength to be scattered selectively, and (2) a second solid polymer film has a planar alignment of a cholesteric liquid crystal structure of a helical structure whose helical direction is the opposite to that of the first solid polymer film, which alignment allows the light at the specified wavelength to be scattered selectively, wherein the optical axes of the first and second solid polymer films are made substantially parallel to each other.This invention also provides preparation methods of an optical filter mentioned above.

Abstract: An interface system has a plurality of signal lines connected between a plurality of input terminals of a control circuit and a plurality of output terminals of a host computer. A plurality of resistor elements each have one end connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of signal lines and the other ends connected in common to a second of a pair of first and second terminals. The first terminal is connected to a power source to supply electric power when the terminal pair is short-circuited by a jumper disposed between the first and second terminals. A plurality of diode elements anodes connected to the second terminal of the terminal pair and cathodes connected to the other ends of the plurality of resistor elements. The resistor elements are electrically interrupted without physically removing the resistor elements by opening the path between the first and second terminals.

Abstract: A disc unit for recording or reproducing information on or from a recording/reproducing disc loaded therein, in which the disc, which is inserted into the disc unit through an insertion opening thereof is transferred to its operative position and the loaded disc is transferred from its operative position toward the insertion opening, through which the disc is discharged. The loaded disc is clamped at its operative position by the clamping mechanism. The single driving motor is selectively coupled to either one of the disc transfer mechanism or the clamping mechanism. The loaded disc can be discharged manually from the unit by controlling the rotating axis of the single driving motor from the outside of the unit. The insertion opening is shielded automatically when the loading is completed by the shielding plate. The plate may display a sign "LOADED". The recording/reproducing disc may be a magnetic disc or an optical disc.

Abstract: In a color liquid crystal display apparatus of twisted nematic type, thicknesses of the liquid crystal layer is made different for different color picture elements, thereby optical rotatory dispersion which has been the cause of undesirable light transmittance at 0 voltage input is minimized, so that contrast, range of reproduced color, view angle dependency, etc. are improved, and a color liquid crystal display apparatus capable of displaying splendid picture quality is provided.

Abstract: A magnetic disc unit which clamps and releases a magnetic disc by a mechanism driven by a motor. The inserted magnetic disc is automatically ejected from the magnetic disc unit when a magnetic disc eject switch is depressed. A magnetic disc eject signal is so controlled by a head load signal that while the head load signal is applied, the output of the magnetic disc eject signal is inhibited. A cam mechanism for controlling a lever which operates a magnetic disc clamping mechanism can be manually operated from the exterior of the magnetic disc unit. While the head load signal is applied, the inserted magnetic disc is not ejected from the magnetic disc unit, even if the magnetic disc eject switch is erroneously depressed. Accordingly, the data in a magnetic disc is not destroyed. Regardless of a malfunction or failure of the magnetic disc unit or a host system, the inserted magnetic disc can be manually released and ejected from the magnetic disc unit.