Abstract: A negative electrode includes a current collector and a negative electrode active material layer that is provided on the current collector and includes a negative electrode active material. The negative electrode active material includes a carbon material, and a surface of the negative electrode active material layer has a spectral reflectance Ra in a range of 7.0?Ra?10.8% at a wavelength of 550 nm.

Abstract: A positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector, and a positive electrode active material layer that is provided on the positive electrode current collector and that includes a positive electrode active material, a conductive auxiliary agent, and a binder. A surface of the positive electrode active material layer has a reflectance Rc in a range of 2.0?Rc?12.0% at a wavelength of 550 nm. A lithium ion secondary battery includes: the positive electrode; a negative electrode including a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer that is provided on the negative electrode current collector and that includes a negative electrode active material; a separator; and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. A surface of the negative electrode active material layer has a reflectance Ra in a range of 7.5?Ra?16.0% at a wavelength of 550 nm.

Abstract: A negative electrode includes a current collector and a negative electrode active material layer that is provided on the current collector and includes a negative electrode active material. The negative electrode active material includes a carbon material, and a surface of the negative electrode active material layer has a spectral reflectance Ra in a range of 7.0?Ra?10.8% at a wavelength of 550 nm.

Abstract: A negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer that is provided on the negative electrode current collector and includes a negative electrode active material. The negative electrode active material includes a carbon material, and a surface of the negative electrode active material layer has a reflectance Ra in a range of 7.0?Ra?14.8% at a wavelength of 550 nm. A lithium ion secondary battery includes the negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution includes a nonaqueous solvent and an electrolyte, the nonaqueous solvent contains ethylene carbonate, and the ethylene carbonate is contained in a range of 10 to 30 vol. % in the entire nonaqueous solvent.

Abstract: A positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector, and a positive electrode active material layer that is provided on the positive electrode current collector and that includes a positive electrode active material, a conductive auxiliary agent, and a binder. A surface of the positive electrode active material layer has a reflectance Rc in a range of 2.0?Rc?12.0% at a wavelength of 550 nm. A lithium ion secondary battery includes: the positive electrode; a negative electrode including a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer that is provided on the negative electrode current collector and that includes a negative electrode active material; a separator; and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. A surface of the negative electrode active material layer has a reflectance Ra in a range of 7.5?Ra?16.0% at a wavelength of 550 nm.

Abstract: A negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer that is provided on the negative electrode current collector and includes a negative electrode active material. The negative electrode active material includes a carbon material, and a surface of the negative electrode active material layer has a reflectance Ra in a range of 7.0?Ra?14.8% at a wavelength of 550 nm. A lithium ion secondary battery includes the negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution includes a nonaqueous solvent and an electrolyte, the nonaqueous solvent contains ethylene carbonate, and the ethylene carbonate is contained in a range of 10 to 30 vol. % in the entire nonaqueous solvent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a stent that can obtain sufficient strength while an inner side of the stent is easily endothelialized and moreover, can prevent occlusion of a branch blood vessel. Specifically, a stent body capable of diameter expansion is provided. A tubular film 3 is held by the stent body. In the tubular film 3, a plurality of communication holes 4 communicating between an inside and an outside are formed. Band-shaped portions 7 and 8 are formed between the communication holes 4 adjacent to each other. A wide-width portion and a narrow portion are not generated in the band-shaped portions 7 and 8. Strength of a part of the band-shaped portions 7 and 8 is not lowered. Generation of the wide-width portion in the band-shaped portions 7 and 8 is prevented.

Abstract: A table tennis ball faithfully reproduces the playing characteristics of celluloid table tennis balls without using celluloid, and a thermoplastic resin composition for table tennis balls provides a table tennis ball having an excellent balance of elastic modulus, impact resistance, and density. The table tennis ball is composed of a celluloid-free thermoplastic resin or thermoplastic resin composition having a flexural modulus according to ISO 178 of 1650 MPa or more, a Charpy impact strength according to ISO 179 of 20 kJ/m2 or more, and a density according to ISO 1183 of less than 1.20 g/cm3, has a diameter of 39.0 mm or more, and weighs 2.0 to 3.5 g.

Abstract: A table tennis ball faithfully reproduces the playing characteristics of celluloid table tennis balls without using celluloid, and a thermoplastic resin composition for table tennis balls provides a table tennis ball having an excellent balance of elastic modulus, impact resistance, and density. The table tennis ball is composed of a celluloid-free thermoplastic resin or thermoplastic resin composition having a flexural modulus according to ISO 178 of 1650 MPa or more, a Charpy impact strength according to ISO 179 of 20 kJ/m2 or more, and a density according to ISO 1183 of less than 1.20 g/cm3, has a diameter of 39.0 mm or more, and weighs 2.0 to 3.5 g.

Abstract: The method for rendering using symplectic ray tracing is comprised the step of fixing the location of observation, fixing view screen of observation, practicing the symplectic ray tracing, acquiring the information of the color where the light rays cross the surface of the objects, rendering the objects according to the information of the color acquired. The symplectic ray tracing of the present invention forms the Hamilton's canonical equation by applying the fast automatic differentiation techniques with the Hamiltonian H of the objects, and practices the symplectic integration by applying the symplectic Euler method to the formed Hamilton's canonical equation. The present invention can provide the apparatus and method for rendering which can visualize the phenomena in non-homogeneously transparent object or the four-dimensional black hole space time.

Abstract: The method for rendering using symplectic ray tracing is comprised the step of fixing the location of observation, fixing view screen of observation, practicing the symplectic ray tracing, acquiring the information of the color where the light rays cross the surface of the objects, rendering the objects according to the information of the color acquired. The symplectic ray tracing of the present invention forms the Hamilton's canonical equation by applying the fast automatic differentiation techniques with the Hamiltonian H of the objects, and practices the symplectic integration by applying the symplectic Euler method to the formed Hamilton's canonical equation. The present invention can provide the apparatus and method for rendering which can visualize the phenomena in non-homogeneously transparent object or the four-dimensional black hole space time.

Abstract: A composite metal polybasic salt containing a trivalent metal, zinc metal and a divalent metal as metal components and having a novel crystal structure, and a method of preparing the same. The invention further deals with a composite metal polybasic salt which has anion-exchanging property, which by itself is useful as an anion-exchanger, capable of introducing anions suited for the use upon anion-exchange, and finds a wide range of applications, and a method of preparing the same. The composite metal polybasic salt has a particular chemical composition and X-ray diffraction peaks, exhibiting peaks at 2&thgr;=2 to 15°, 2&thgr;=19.5 to 24° and 2&thgr;=33 to 50°, and a single peak at 2&thgr;=60 to 64° in the X-ray diffraction (Cu-&agr;).

Abstract: A composite metal polybasic salt containing a trivalent metal, zinc metal and a divalent metal as metal components and having a novel crystal structure, and a method of preparing the same. The invention further deals with a composite metal polybasic salt which has anion-exchanging property, which by itself is useful as an anion-exchanger, capable of introducing anions suited for the use upon anion-exchange, and finds a wide range of applications, and a method of preparing the same. The composite metal polybasic salt has a particular chemical composition and X-ray diffraction peaks, exhibiting peaks at 2&thgr;=2 to 15°, 2&thgr;=19.5 to 24° and 2&thgr;=33 to 50°, and a single peak at 2&thgr;=60 to 64° in the X-ray diffraction (Cu-&agr;).

Abstract: A composite metal polybasic salt containing a trivalent metal and magnesium as metal components and having a novel crystal structure, and a method of preparing the same. The invention further deals with a composite metal polybasic salt which has anion-exchanging property, which by itself is useful as an anion-exchanger, capable of introducing anions suited for the use upon anion-exchange, and finds a wide range of applications, and a method of preparing the same. The composite metal polybasic salt has a particular chemical composition and X-ray diffraction peaks, and further has a degree of orientation (Io) of not smaller than 1.5.

Abstract: An oiliness agent comprising a carboxylate of a composite metal hydroxide having a chemical composition represented by the following general formula (1), M2aM3x(OH)y(A)z.nH2O  (1) wherein, M2 indicates a divalent metal, M3 indicates a trivalent metal, A indicates an anion of an aliphatic carboxylic acid, a, x, y, and z are numbers satisfying the following formulas: a>0, 3x+2a−y−mz=0 (wherein m is a valency of anion A), 0.3≦a/x≦2.5 1.5≦y/(a+x)≦3.0 1.0≦(a+x)/z≦20.0, and n is a number not larger than 7. The oiliness agent exhibits excellent emulsifying properties such as dispersion stability and moisture retaining property without emitting odor and without a tendency of being colored, and is very useful for forming a water-in-oil emulsion which can be effectively used as a base material for cosmetics.

Abstract: An oiliness agent comprising a carboxylate of a composite metal hydroxide having a chemical composition represented by the following general formula (1),

Abstract: An apparatus for processing a high-pressure liquid material has a high-pressure vessel, a pressurizing assembly for supplying a liquid material to the high-pressure vessel in order to allow the high-pressure vessel to process the liquid material under a high pressure therein, a depressurizing assembly for receiving and depressurizing the processed liquid material supplied under a high pressure from the high-pressure vessel, and a working fluid control system for controlling the depressurizing assembly. The depressurizing assembly has a plurality of cylinder device comprising respective pairs of interlinked pistons which define, in the cylinder devices, respective processing pressure chambers for selectively receiving the liquid material from the high-pressure vessel, and respective working pressure chambers for selectively receiving a working fluid from the working fluid control system.